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2020年翻译资格考试三级笔译考试试题
汉语句子翻译的多样性
例：你的眼睛长哪儿去了?
1)Haven’t you got eyes?
2)Are you so blind?
3)Are you such a blind man?
4)You're really stone-blind !
5)How blind you are !
6)As blind as a bat !
7)What a blind man !
8)A sightless guy !
9)Why are you so rash?
10)How can you be so reckless?
11)My goodness! Be careful!
12)Would you please be more careful?
这个例句实际上是汉语中很不礼貌的说法，指责对方没看清楚，不够小心。由于汉英两种语言有着不同的文化背景，各人对这个原文有不同的理解和体会，这个句子可能被用于不同的上下文，因此，这个句子自然会有多样性的译法。上面第一至第八个译文都是根据字面意思
来进行翻译的。这样的翻译可以保留原文的形象和原文中粗野的口气，为了塑造说话人的人物形象，这个句子就必须直译。上面第九至第十二个译文是根据原文的含义来进行翻译的， 这 4 种译文更符合地道的英语，在日常用语中，还是以这 4 种译法为好。
又如“你有笔吗?”可以译为： Have you got a pen? Have you got pens? Have you got any pens?
Have you got some pens? Have you got the pen? Have you got the pens?
准确的译文只能视具体语境而定。
只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这个人争取过来。
(a) When he catches a glimpse of potential antagonist， his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.
(b) As soon as he finds any possible opponent， he is， by instinct， to have as an inclination for winning him over with charm and humor.
(c) The sight of a potential antagonist arouses (evokes) his innate impulse for winning him over with charm and humor.
一想到要出国深造，他就激动不已。
(a)The idea that he would go abroad for further study made him greatly excited. (b)He felt greatly excited at the thought of going abroad for further study.
近年来，中、泰两国国民经济发展迅速，为两国的经济、贸易合作提供了良好的基础。
(a) In recent years the national economies of China and Thailand have quickly developed， providing a good foundation for economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.
(b) Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of the national
economies in China and Thailand， which has prepared for good economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.
(c) China and Thailand，with the rapid development of their national economies in recent years， have laid a good foundation for their economic and trade cooperation.
(d) The rapid development of the national economies of China and Thailand in recent years has laid a sound foundation for economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.
总之，翻译中的多样性或多样性译法一方面可以使我们从多种译文中选择最佳的译文，另一方面可使原文中反复出现的词句拥有多种译法，从而使整个译文既忠实于原文，又行文流畅， 生动活泼。
另外，在翻译时，我们必须清楚这样一个事实：作为用一种语言传递另一种语言的思维内容的翻译，其表达手段可以是“多变的”，也就是说，一种思维内容可以用多种译语语言的形式表达。这就是同一种原文可以有多种表达形式的根据所在，译者往往选取不同的角度、不同的信息焦点作为出发点来对原文同一信息进行双语符号转换。因此，译界有“译学无定规” 之说。在句子翻译中，若用不同的译语表达形式传递同一原文信息，往往要使用不同的主语和谓语，若使用了不同的主语和谓语，整个句子的其它成分在安排上就会发生变化。例如：
(6) 一想到要出国深造，他就激动不已。When he thinks ….， he
As soon as … he
(a) The idea that he would go abroad for further study made him greatly excited.
(b) He felt greatly excited at the thought of going abroad for further study. When the students saw the plane， they were very happy.
The sight of the plane made the student s happy.
析：原文的同一信息在译文中以两种形式译出，两种译文中的主语大不一样，同时，主语的确定决定了谓语的选择，主、谓语确定之后又影响和决定了其它句子成分的安排。译文(a) 是用“idea”作主语，按照一般的情况，idea 之后常用同位语从句，故“要出国深造”这一部分译作同位语从句并置于 idea 之后，主要谓语动词用“make”。主谓语搭配得当;译文(b) 用 he 作主语，主要谓语动词用“feel”。并与“excited’’构成系表结构，原文中的其它成分如“一想到要出国深造”在译文中则用介词短语“at the thought of going abroad for further study’’译出，并置于表语“excited”之后。原文的主干部分为“他就激动不已”，“一
想到要出国深造”表示原因。译文(a)符合英语中以物作主语的表达习惯;译文(1))突出了主要信息，以 at 引出的介词短语表示原因。
(7) 近年来，中、泰两国国民经济发展迅速，为两国的经济、贸易合作提供了良好的基础。
(a) In recent years the national economies of China and Thailand have quickly developed， providing a good foundation for economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.
(b) Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of the national economies in China and Thailand，which has prepared for good economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.
(c) China and Thailand， with the rapid development of their national economies in recent years， have laid a good foundation for their economic and trade cooperation.
(d) The rapid development of the national economies of China and Thailand in recent years has laid a sound foundation for economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.
析：四种译文分别以 economies， recent years，China and Thailand 和 development作主语，与它们一一对应的谓语则在选词、搭配、时态、单复数上有较大差异，但每种英译文的主语和谓语搭配得当，符合逻辑，这是翻译句子主干成分必须遵循的原则。主、谓语确定之后，其它句子成分的安排要以与主语、谓语搭配协调、传意恰当为条件。
译文(a)以 economies 作主语，谓语由 have quickly developed 充当，原文中的“为两国的经济、贸易合作提供了良好的基础” 在译文中以现在分词短语 providing a good foundation…two countries 译出，在译文中作伴随状语。
译文(b)以 recent years 作主语，谓语以 have witnessed 来充当。英语中常常可以用表示时间、地点或物质概念的无生命的名词充当主语。这里主、谓语突出，且语言简洁明了。谓语是及物动词，后需接宾语，the rapid development of the national economies in China and Thailand 作宾语顺理成章。“为两国的经济、贸易合作提供了良好的基础”的逻辑主语是 the rapid development…，故以非限定性定语从句译出，以 which 指代 the rapid development，逻辑关系清楚。
译文(c)以 China and Thailand 作主语，“近年来，(中、泰)两国国民经济发展迅速”以由with 引出的介词短语译出，置于谓语之前，作为下文中“为两国经济、贸易合作提供良好基础’’的前提， 谓语和宾语以及其它成分用 have laid a good foundation for their economic and trade cooperation 译出，主、谓、宾搭配得当，其它成分的位置正确。
译文(d)突出说明了中、泰两国近年来经济的迅速发展，故以“the rapid development of the national economies of China and Thailand in recent years”作主语，两国国民经济的发展为两国的经济、贸易合作提供了良好的基础，译文顺理成章，用“has laid a sound foundation for economic and trade cooperation between the two countries"译出。
由此可见，句子其它成分的位置往往要依据主语和谓语来作相应的调整。
2020年翻译资格考试三级笔译考试试题
1) 宁荣两处上下内外人等，莫不欢天喜地。
2) Then high and low alike in both mansions were filled with joy.
2)那小厮欢天喜地，答应去了。
The boy assented and made off in high spirits.
3) 我才已经和他母亲说了，BANNED 已经欢天喜地应了。
I've spoken to Chaixia's mother and she's consented gladly.
4) 两个小头目听了这话，欢天喜地，说道：“好了!众人在此少待一时。”
The junior officers were delighted.“Excellent，” they said. “Just wait here a little.”
5) 不论归迟归早，那妇人顿羹顿饭，欢天喜地服侍武松，武松倒过意不去。
Whenever he returned home，whether early or late，Golden Lotus had food ready.She served him with obvious pleasure.It rather embarrassed him.
6) 得蒙差遣，欢天喜地，收拾枪刀。
Happy with their mission，they gathered their weapons.
7) 石宝得胜，欢天喜地，回城中去了。
The victorious Shi Bao returned to Hangzhou in jubilation.
他们没有杀人的罪名，又偿了心愿，自然都欢天喜地的发出一种呜呜咽咽的笑声。
Then they can enjoy their hearts’ desire without being blamed for murder.Naturally that delights them and sets them roaring with laughter.
汉语成语“欢天喜地”形容非常高兴，其中“欢”和“喜”表示高兴，“天”和“地”表示“非常”的意思，并非真正表示“天地”。这是汉语文学作品中常用的成语之一。像这样的成语并不能根据其字面意思来翻译，“天”和“地”不能译成，heaven 和 earth。这条成语可根据原文的实际含义来翻译：to be highly elated 。我们也可用对等的英语成语来翻译：to go into
raptures;to be in high glee。上面 8 个例句中的“欢天喜地”采用了 8 种不同的译法， 充分显示了多样性译法的优越性：1)were filled with joy;2)in high spirits;3)glad ly; 4)were delighted;5)with obvious pleasure;6)happy;7)in jubilation;8)delights。
在采用多样性翻译方法时，可参考英语的和汉语的同义词词典，也可参考英汉和汉英词典。比如，在翻译汉语成语“大惊小怪”时，我们可以先参考英语同义词词典，查 fussy 这一基本词条，同时再参考汉英成语手册，查“大惊小怪”的各种英译。综合以上两类词典里的相应词语和词组，“大惊小怪”就会有大量的多样性译法：
(1)be surprised or alarmed at sth quite normal
(2)be surprised or alarmed at sth perfectly common
(3)make a fuss about nothing
(4)make unnecessary ado about trifles
(5)make a fuss about(sth)
(6) fuss about[over]sth[trifles]
(7) much ado about nothing
(8)much[great]cry and little wool
(9)a flurried[hurried]ado about trifles
(10)get alarmed for[about]nothing
(11)get nothing for nothing
(12)get all stirred up over nothing
(13)make a terrible to-do about sth
(14)a storm in a teacup
(15)a tempest in a teapot
(16)a teapot tempest
(17)a tempest in a barrel
(18)a tempest in a bucket
(19) create about(it)
(20) like a hen with one chick[chicken]
(21)alarmism
(22) fussy get jittery for nothing
(24)great alarm at a little bogey
2020年翻译资格考试三级笔译考试试题
1. 根据句子内在逻辑关系和汉语表达习惯进行翻译。例如：
The differences are that the dwellers of the new caves would see more greenery, under ecologically healthier condit ions, than dwellers of surface cities do today.
同今天地面城市的居民相比，新洞穴居民如果在比较健康生态环境中生活，会有更多机会见到青枝绿叶。
这个句子并不复杂，但不好译。这个句子有三层关系，比较、条件和结果，按这种逻辑关系翻译就十分省事。
2. 有些长句需要直译与意译结合，顺译与递译结合，需要综合处理。
But a broader and more generous, certainly more philosophical view is held by those scientists who claim that the evidence of a war instinct in men is incomplete and misleading , and that man does have within him the power of abolishing war.
有些科学家观点更开阔，更富有普遍性和哲理性。他们指出，有关人类战争本能的证据尚不完全，而且容易引起误解，事实上，人类自身具有消除战争能力。
这个句子主句部分可以意译，从句部分可直译。
It was that population that gave to California a name for getting up astonishing enterprises and rushing them through with a magnificent dash and daring and a recklessness of cost or consequences.
那里人们富于大无畏开创精神，建立了庞大的企业，敢冒风险，势如破竹，一干到底，不顾及成本，因此为加利福尼亚赢得了声誉。
这个句子虽长，结构不复杂，如果进行直译，其译文将十分逊色，如果进行综合处理，译文将有声有色地传达原文神韵。
3. 由于有些句型不同于汉语思维方式，常常需要进行倒译。
Textile finishes have in general become a "no-no" in today''s market place,thanks to many reasons, says a representative of fiber producer.
一位纤维厂家的代表说，由于许多原因，纺织物整理剂在如今的市场上已经到了无人问津的地步。
1. In a flash the evil intent of the vice-president to usurp power hit the president between the eyes.
误译：一刹那间，副总统篡权的罪恶意图给总统当头一棒。应译为：一刹那间，总统明白了副总统篡权的罪恶意图。
这里"to hit someone between the eyes",为"to strike someone(metaphorically speaking)",喻义为"使人忽然了解，使人猛然明白"。而汉语中"给某人当头一棒",去无此意。
2. This is a dangerous and violent city. In some parts of it,the only law is the law of the jungle.
误译：这是一个危险的充满暴力的城市。在有些地方，唯一的原则就是森林法则。 应译为：这是一个危险的充满暴力的城市。在有些地方，唯一的原则就是弱肉强食。
这里"the law of the jungle" 引申为"principle for surviving in avio lent and dangerous situation, no rules atall",如译为"森林法则",则含义不明."弱肉强食"才是准确，明了地传达了原文所要表达的意义。
1. You don't seem to come anywhere near to knowing the importance of working on the program, you'd better take your fingers out.
误译：你看来一点也不了解这项计划的重要性，你干脆别再插手了。应译为：你看来一点也不了解这项计划，你最好现在就动手。
这里"take one's fingers out"似乎与汉语的"别再插手了"意思一样，其实它是叫人把手从口袋里拿出来，开始干活，因此，它所要表达的意义是"开始干"而不是"停止并退出"。
三、许多英语惯用表达中包含着固定搭配，如不认清这些特殊句型所表达的意义，极易出现误译。
2. It is a good athlete that never loses points.
误译：从不丢分的运动员才是优秀的运动员。应译为：再好的运动员也会丢分。
这里，"It is a adj.+n. that+否定句"是个习语中常出现的句型，应理解为"even if…+adj.,
肯定句，即"再……的，也会……"。而与此结构相似的强调句型中，一般没有形容词。
3. The visit can't have left us a deeper impression.
误译：这次访问根本不会给我留下较为深刻的印象。应译为：这次访问给我们留下的印象最深刻不过了。
"can't+形容词或副词比较级",其实表达的是最高级的意义。
4. I can't see you quickly enough.
误译：我不可很快见到你。
应译为：我巴不得尽快与你见面。
"can’t+adj./adv.+enough",意思是"越……越好。而另一个与此相似的句型, "can't+v.
+n.+enough",意思为"非常……十分……" I can't like theEnglish teaching enough。译为"我非常喜欢教英语."
四、一些英语表达在特定的语境里，尤其在口语中，有特定的含义，翻译这些表达时，应该将其包含的语气译出。
5. —"In the face of all this they actually stood up by and didnothing."
---"You don't say so!"
误译："面对这一切，他们竟然袖手旁观，什么都不做。
"你不要这样说!"
应译为："面对这一切，他们竟然袖手旁观，什么都不做." "竟有这样的事!"
"You don't sayso!"用来表示"在所说某事之后，感到非常惊奇",可译为"竟有这样的事!"
或"我没听错吧!"
6. ---"You accepted her offer, didn't you "
----"No fear!"
误译：——你接受了她的建议，是吗?
——不用怕，我当然接受了。
应译为：你接受了他的建议，是吗? 不会的。
"No fear!"表示"不会的","肯定没有这种可能性."
7. No, I won't lend you the money, you've had it!
误译：不，我不会把钱借给你的，你已经借过钱了! 应译为：不，我不会把钱借给你了，你别指望了! "You've had it!"意为"It's no use hoping."
