英语翻译常用的十大技巧

由天下分享时间：2022-04-02 23:10:09 加入收藏我要投稿点赞

英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。下面小编就和大家分享英语翻译常用的十大技巧，来欣赏一下吧。

英语翻译常用的十大技巧

一、增译法指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。如：

①、What about calling him right away?

马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何? (增译主语和谓语)

②、If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.

要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句)

③、Indeed, the reverse is true.

实际情况恰好相反。(增译名词)

④、就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。

Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词)

⑤、只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。

While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps. (增译连词)

⑥、这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。

This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.(增译介词)

⑦、在人权领域，中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。

In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak.(增译暗含词语)

⑧、三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。

Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.(增译注释性词语)

二、省译法这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法，即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词，以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。又如：

①、You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.

你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。(省译物主代词)

②、I hope you will enjoy your stay here.

希望您在这儿过得愉快。(省译物主代词)

③、中国政府历来重视环境保护工作。

The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection. (省译名词)

三、转换法指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。具体的说，就是在词性方面，把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词;把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词;把形容词转换成副词和短语。在句子成分方面，把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语;把谓语变成主语、定语、表语;把定语变成状语、主语;把宾语变成主语。在句型方面，把并列句变成复合句，把复合句变成并列句，把状语从句变成定语从句。在语态方面，可以把主动语态变为被动语态。如：

①、我们学院受教委和市政府的双重领导。

Our instituteis co-administrated by the States Education Commission and the municipal government. (名词转动词)

②、Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children.

孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。(名词转动词)

③、由于我们实行了改革开放政策，我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。

Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensivenational strength has greatly improved. (动词转名词)

④、I’m all for you opinion.

我完全赞成你的意见。(介词转动词)

⑤、The reform and opening policy is supported by the whole Chinese people.

改革开放政策受到了全中国人民的拥护。(动词转名词)

⑥、In his article the author is critical of man’s negligence toward his environment.

作者在文章中，对人类疏忽自身环境作了批评。(形容词转名词)

⑦、In some of the European countries, the people are given the biggest social benefits such as medical insurance.

在有些欧洲国家里，人民享受最广泛的社会福利，如医疗保险等。(被动语态转主动语态)

⑧、时间不早了，我们回去吧!

We don’t have much time left. Let’s go back. (句型转换)

⑨、学生们都应该德、智、体全面发展。

All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physically. (名词转副词)

四、拆句法和合并法这是两种相对应的翻译方法。拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子，通常用于英译汉;合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句，一般用于汉译英。汉语强调意合，结构较松散，因此简单句较多;英语强调形合，结构较严密，因此长句较多。所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句;而英译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处，以及意群结束处将长句切断，译成汉语分句。这样就可以基本保留英语语序，顺译全句，顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。如：

①、Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.

同中国加强合作，符合美国的利益。 (在主谓连接处拆译)

②、I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitalityfor which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.

我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。(在定语从句前拆译)

③、This is particularly true of the countries of the commonwealth, who see Britain’s membership of the Community a guarantee that the policies of the community will take their interests into account.

英联邦各国尤其如此，它们认为英国加入欧共体，将能保证欧共体的政策照顾到它们的利益。(在定语从句前拆译)

④、中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。

China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses.(合译)

五、正译法和反译法这两种方法通常用于汉译英，偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译，是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。正译与反译常常具有同义的效果，但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。因此比较地道。如：

①、在美国，人人都能买到狗。

In the United States, everyone can buy a dog. (正译)

In the United States, dogs are available to everyone. (反译)

②、你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。

You can obtain this information on the Internet. (正译)

This information is accessible/available on the Internet. (反译)

③、他突然想到了一个新主意。

Suddenly he had a new idea. (正译)

He suddenly thought out a new idea. (正译)

A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him. (反译)

④、他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。

He still could not understand me. (正译)

Still he failed to understand me. (反译)

⑤、无论如何，她算不上一位思维敏捷的学生。

She can hardly be rated as a bright student. (正译)

She is anything but a bright student. (反译)

⑥、Please withholdthe document for the time being.

请暂时扣下这份文件。(正译)

请暂时不要发这份文件。(反译)

六、倒置法在汉语中，定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中，许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后，因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉, 即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换，按意群或进行全部倒置，原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。有时倒置法也用于汉译英。如：

①、At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world.

此时此刻，通过现代通信手段的奇迹，看到和听到我们讲话的人比整个世界历史上任何其他这样的场合都要多。(部分倒置)

②、I believe strongly that it is in the interest of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community.

我坚信，英国依然应该是欧共体中的一个积极的和充满活力的成员，这是符合我国人民利益的。(部分倒置)

③、改革开放以来，中国发生了巨大的变化。

Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.(全部倒置)

七、包孕法这种方法多用于英译汉。所谓包孕是指在把英语长句译成汉语时，把英语后置成分按照汉语的正常语序放在中心词之前，使修饰成分在汉语句中形成前置包孕。但修饰成分不宜过长，否则会形成拖沓或造成汉语句子成分在连接上的纠葛。如：

①、You are the representative of a country and of a continent to which China feels particularly close.

您是一位来自于使中国倍感亲切的国家和大洲的代表。

②、What brings us together is that we have common interests which transcend those differences.

使我们走到一起的，是我们有超越这些分歧的共同利。

八、插入法指把难以处理的句子成分用破折号、括号或前后逗号插入译句中。这种方法主要用于笔译中。偶尔也用于口译中，即用同位语、插入语或定语从句来处理一些解释性成分。

如：如果说宣布收回香港就会像夫人说的"带来灾难性的影响"，那我们要勇敢地面对这个灾难，做出决策。

If the announcement of the recovery of Hong Kong would bring about, as Madam put it, "disastrous effects," we will face that disaster squarelyand make a new policy decision.

九、重组法指在进行英译汉时，为了使译文流畅和更符合汉语叙事论理的习惯，在捋清英语长句的结构、弄懂英语原意的基础上，彻底摆脱原文语序和句子形式，对句子进行重新组合。

如：Decision must be made very rapidly; physical enduranceis tested as much as perception, because an enormous amount of time must be spent making certain that the key figures act on the basis of the same information and purpose.

必须把大量时间花在确保关键人物均根据同一情报和目的行事，而这一切对身体的耐力和思维能力都是一大考验。因此，一旦考虑成熟，决策者就应迅速做出决策。

十、综合法是指单用某种翻译技巧无法译出时，着眼篇章，以逻辑分析为基础，同时使用转换法、倒置法、增译法、省译法、拆句法等多种翻译技巧的方法。

如：How can the European Union contribute to the development of a European film and television program industry which is competitive in the world market, forward-looking and capable of radiatingthe influence of European culture and of creating jobs in Europe?

欧洲联盟应该怎样做才能对欧洲的电影电视工业有所贡献，使它在国际市场上具有竞争能力，使它有能力发挥欧洲文化的影响，并且能够在欧洲创造更多的就业机会呢?

英语四级翻译答案：起名字

【翻译原文】

中国汉族人的全名由姓和名组成。中文姓名的特点是，姓总是在前，名跟在其后。千百年来，父姓一直世代相传。然而，如今，孩子跟母亲姓并不罕见。一般来说，名有一个或两个汉字，通常承载父母对孩子的愿望。从孩子的名字可以推断出父母希望孩子成为代么样的人，或者期望他们过什么样的生活。父母非常重视给孩子取名，因为名字往往会伴随孩子一生。

【参考译文】

The full name of China's Han ethnic group is made up of family name and given name. One characteristic of the Chinese name is that the family name always comes first, followed by given name. For thousands of years, the father's family name has been passed on from generation to generation. However, it is not uncommon now for a child to have the mother’s family name. Generally speaking, a given name contains one or two Chinese characters, which carries the parents' hope for the kid. Therefore, it's easy to infer from the name what kind of person the parents expect their child to be, or what kind of life to lead.Parents attach great importance to naming their kid as names usually go with them for a whole life.

【翻译分析】

1) 全名由....组成：the full name is composed of/ made up of/ consisted of/ formed of

2) ...的特点是：the characteristic of the Chinese name is that...

3) 世代相传：from generation to generation

4) ...不罕见：it is not uncommon now for a child to...

5) 非常重视...：attach great importance to doing sth

英语四级翻译答案：教育投资

【真题】

中国家庭十分重视孩子的教育。许多父母认为应该努力工作，确保孩子受到良好的教育。他们不仅非常情愿为孩子的教育投资，而且花很多时间督促他们学习。多数家长希望孩子能上大学。由于改革开放，越来越多的家长能送孩子到国外学习或参加国际交流项目，让其拓宽视野。通过这些努力，他们期待孩子健康成长，为国家的发展和繁荣做出贡献。

【参考范文】

Chinese families attach due importance to children's education. Numerous parents deem that they should work hard to ensure that their children are well educated. Not only are they very willing to invest in their children's education, but they also spend a lot of time urging them to learn. The great majority of parents expect that their children are able to go to prestigious universities. As a result of the reform and opening up, an increasing number of parents can send their children to study abroad or participate in international exchange projects, so as to broaden their horizons. Through these efforts, they expect their children to grow up healthily and contribute to the development and prosperity of the country.

【解析】

这一篇翻译的主题是中国家庭教育观念，篇章中主要考察状语以及宾语从句的翻译。

(1)中国家庭十分重视孩子的教育。

【解析】此举为主谓宾结构，十分重视：attach due importance to

【参考答案】 Chinese families attach due importance to children's education.

(2)许多父母认为应该努力工作，确保孩子受到良好的教育。

【解析】主语：许多父母;谓语动词：认为;宾语：“应该努力工作”，此处宾语为含有动作的句子，翻译为宾语从句，注意从句需要补充从句中的主语“they”。句子后半句处理为不定式“todo”

【参考答案】Numerous parents deem that they should work hard to ensure that their children are well educated.

(3)他们不仅非常情愿为孩子的教育投资，而且花很多时间督促他们学习。

【解析】出现“不仅……而且……”, 选择“not only…but also…”处理，可以将not only提前，将句子处理为半倒装。

花时间做某事：spend time (on / in) doing sth.

情愿：bewilling to;投资：investin;督促：push/urge

【参考答案】Not only are they very willing to invest in their children's education, but they also spend a lot of time urging them to learn.

(4)多数家长希望孩子能上大学。

【解析】主语：多数家长;谓语动词：希望;宾语为“孩子能上大学”处理为宾语从句。

多数：most / the great majority of; 大学：prestigious universities.

【参考答案】The great majority of parents expect that their children are able to go to prestigious universities.

(5)由于改革开放，越来越多的家长能送孩子到国外学习或参加国际交流项目，让其拓宽视野。

【解析】此句子有两个状语成分，其中“由于改革开放”是原因状语，处理为“dueto”或“as a result of”;“让其拓宽视野”是结果状语，处理为so as to broaden their horizons.

改革开放：the reform and opening up; 国外学习：study abroad;参加国际交流项目：participate in international exchange projects

【参考答案】As a result of the reform and opening up, an increasing number of parents can send their children to study abroad or participate in international exchange projects, so as to broaden their horizons.

(6)通过这些努力，他们期待孩子健康成长，为国家的发展和繁荣做出贡献。

【解析】期待某人做某事：expectsb. todosth; 注意此处“健康”处理为副词，修饰动词“成长”;

为…做贡献：contribute to

【参考答案】Through these efforts, they expect their children to grow up healthily and contribute to the development and prosperity of the country.

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