托福阅读应对难题3个常用技巧指点

托福阅读需要顺利解题，考生势必要掌握一些相应的方法技巧，考虑到阅读本身的特点，这些技巧既要能保证解题正确率，也需要具备高效的特点节省时间。今天小编给大家带来了托福阅读应对难题3个常用技巧指点,希望可以帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

托福阅读应对难题3个常用技巧指点

托福阅读应对难题常用技巧：猜词

托福阅读中词汇较多，考生很容易看到不懂的词汇，但是阅读的目标在于获得整个句子、整个段落、乃至整个篇章的思想，而不是各个孤立的词汇的意义。所以不能因为难词存在而影响答题，所以在阅读中猜词这个技巧的把握很实用。猜词的依据有很多种：根据文章中的定义、解释猜测词义，ETS在设计托福阅读文章时就考虑到一些难词考生没有必要掌握，但是为了不影响考生答题，这些词汇周围会给出相关解释内容;根据同位语等复述性质的内容猜词，托福阅读中同位语常见，同位语本质就是对前面内容的复述;利用举例猜词，例子和主体的关系是包含和被包含关系，所以在属性上有相关性;利用同义词替换猜词，托福阅读文章中用词较讲究，不会出现某个单词的重复，常常利用同义替换来使表达更丰富;利用构词法猜词，这是从单词本身角度出发猜词，当然使用这个猜词技巧需要考生有构词法基础知识。

托福阅读应对难题常用技巧：排除法判断选项

答对托福阅读题目是阅读部分的目标，考生在答题时最实用技巧是排除法。排除法可以大大节省考生的答题时间，甚至在对托福阅读题目选项特点有较深刻理解基础上的排除法可以直接解答某些题目。排除法使用的基本要求是了解题目选项的设置。比如托福阅读文章总结题中很多选项是可以直接排除的，像是细节信息、原文中没有的信息，而且由于这种题目错误选项多为细节信息，排除法也是屡试不爽。

托福阅读应对难题常用技巧：阅读笔记

托福阅读考试界面决定了考生无法对内容进行标注，这样对文章的把握不会很好，所以考生可以通过阅读笔记来组织文章思路。笔记是为了做题更加迅速，定位更加准确。笔记记录是通过对文章要点的记录和总结把整个文章大框架组织起来。掌握托福阅读笔记技巧可以帮助考生较快把握文章。在记录时要记录的有：主题段和主题句的关键词、时间和数字、专有名词、举例主体、新概念和局部核心概念以及重要的逻辑关系。

托福阅读详解之摄影史

Perceptions of the visible world were greatly altered by the invention of photography in the middle of the nineteenth century. In particular, and quite logically, the art of painting was forever changed, though not always in the ways one might have expected. The realistic and naturalistic painters of the mid- and late-nineteenth century were all intently aware of photography—as a thing to use, to learn from, and react to.

Unlike most major inventions, photography had been long and impatiently awaited. The images produced by the camera obscura, a boxlike device that used a pinhole or lens to throw an image onto a ground-glass screen or a piece of white paper, were already familiar—the device had been much employed by topographical artists like the Italian painter Canaletto in his detailed views of the city of Venice. What was lacking was a way of giving such images permanent form. This was finally achieved by Louis Daguerre (1787-1851), who perfected a way of fixing them on a silvered copper plate. His discovery, the "daguerreotype," was announced in 1839.

A second and very different process was patented by the British inventor William Henry Talbot (1800-1877) in 1841. Talbot's "calotype" was the firstnegative-to-positive process and the direct ancestor of the modern photograph. The calotype was revolutionary in its use of chemically treated paper in which areas hit by light became dark in tone, producing a negative image. This "negative," as Talbot called it, could then be used toprint multiple positive images on another piece of treated paper.

The two processes produced very different results. The daguerreotype was a unique image that reproduced what was in front of the camera lens in minute, unselective detail and could not be duplicated. The calotype could be made in series, and was thus the equivalent of an etching or an engraving. Its general effect was soft edged and tonal.

词汇解析：

perception n. 看法;感知

alter v. 更改

logical adj. 逻辑的;合乎逻辑的

intent adj. 坚决的;专注的

react v. 作出反应;起不良反应;反抗

impatient adj. 无耐心的

topographical adj. 地形的

permanent adj. 永久的;不断发生的

silver n. 银;银器

patent n. & v. & adj. 专利;得到...专利;显而易见的强调

ancestor n. 祖先;物种原型

multiple adj. & v. 多功能的;倍数

reproduce v. 复制;重演

duplicate v. & n. 复制;复制品

etch v. 凿刻;铭刻

engrave v. 刻上

tonal adj. 声调的

难句解析：

The realistic and naturalistic painters of the mid- and late-nineteenth century were all intently aware of photography—as a thing to use, to learn from, and react to.十九世纪中期与后期的现实主义和自然主义画家都高度关注摄影术，将其当作一门可以使用、借鉴而且要适应的技术。

The images produced by the camera obscura, a boxlike device [that used a pinhole or lens to throw an image onto a ground-glass screen or a piece of white paper], were already familiar—the device had been much employed by topographical artists like the Italian painter Canaletto in his detailed views of the city of Venice.当时针孔照相机已经为大家所熟识，它是一种是用小孔或透镜将摄影投射到毛玻璃屏或一张白纸上的盒状设备，这种设备已经为很多地貌风景画家所用，像意大利画家卡纳莱托就用它详细记录了威尼斯城。

The calotype was revolutionary in its use of chemically treated paper in which areas hit by light became dark in tone, producing a negative image. This "negative," as Talbot called it, could then be used to print multiple positive images on another piece of treated paper.卡罗式摄影法革命性地使用了化学处理的纸片，纸片上受到光照射的区域的色调会变暗于是产生了负像。这种被塔尔博特称为“负片”的东西随后会被用于在另一张化学处理的纸片上洗印多张正像。

The calotype could be made in series, and was thus the equivalent of an etching or an engraving. Its general effect was soft edged and tonal.而卡罗式摄影法可以洗出多张照片，因此相当于蚀刻术或雕刻术。其整体的效果是轮廓和色调模糊。

填空

本篇文章介绍了两种摄影技术_____和__________技术诞生于1839年;_____技术诞生于1841年;两种摄影技术产生了不同的效果：_____得到唯一一张影像;_____可以洗出多张照片

Answers:

Daguerreotype, calotype

Daguerreotype, calotype

Daguerreotype, calotype

托福阅读详解之大米草(Spartina)

P1： Spartina alterniflora, known as cordgrass, is a deciduous, perennial flowering plant native to the Atlantic coast and the Gulf Coast of the United States. It is the dominant native species of the lower salt marshes along these coasts, where it grows in the intertidal zone (the area covered by water some parts of the day and exposed others).

难词解析：

deciduous adj. 落叶的;短暂的

perennial adj. 不断出现的;多年生的

dominant adj./n.处于支配地位的;占优势的人

expose v. 使显露;揭露

难句解析：

Spartina alterniflora, (known as cordgrass, ) is a deciduous, perennial flowering plant native to the Atlantic coast and the Gulf Coast of the United States.

大米草，俗称网茅，是一种落叶的多年生开花植物，原产自美国大西洋沿岸和墨西哥湾地区。

P2： These natural salt marshes are among the most productive habitats in the marine environment. Nutrient-rich water is brought to the wetlands during each high tide, making a high rate of food production possible. As the seaweed and marsh grass leaves die, bacteria break down the plant material, and insects, small shrimp like organisms, fiddler crabs, and marsh snails eat the decaying plant tissue, it, and excrete wastes high in nutrients. Numerous insects occupy the marsh, feeding on living or dead cordgrass tissue, and redwing blackbirds, sparrows, rodents, rabbits, and deer feed directly on the cordgrass. Each tidal cycle carries plant material into the offshore water to be used by the subtidal organisms.

难词解析：

productive adj. 生产力高的;富有成效的

break down 故障;崩塌;中断

organism n. 微生物

fiddle v./ n. 不停摆弄;调试;弦乐器

snail v./ n. 蜗牛;缓慢行动

excrete v. 排泄;分泌

难句解析：

As the seaweed and marsh grass leaves die,] bacteria break down the plant material, and insects, small shrimplike organisms, fiddler crabs, and marsh snails eat the decaying plant tissue, it, and excrete wastes high in nutrients.

随着海草和沼泽禾草叶子的死亡，细菌将植物体分解，昆虫、小型虾状浮游生物、招潮蟹和沼泽蜗牛吃掉了腐烂的植物组织，消化后排出富含营养的排泄物。

P3： Spartina is an exceedingly competitive plant. It spreads primarily by underground stems; colonies form when pieces of the root system or whole plants float into an area and take root or when seeds float into a suitable area and germinate. Spartina establishes itself on substrates ranging from sand and silt to gravel and cobble and is tolerant of salinities ranging from that of near freshwater (0.05 percent) to that of salt water (3.5 percent). Because they lack oxygen, marsh sediments are high in sulfides that are toxic to most plants. Spartina has the ability to take up sulfides and convert them to sulfate, a form of sulfur that the plant can use; this ability makes it easier for the grass to colonize marsh environments. Another adaptive advantage is Spartina’s ability to use carbon dioxide more efficiently than most other plants.

难词解析：

exceedingly adj. 非常的;超越的

germinate v./ n. 发芽

convert v. / n. 转变;改建;换算

adaptive adj. 能适应的

难句解析：

Spartina has the ability to take up sulfides and convert them to sulfate, a form of sulfur (that the plant can use); this ability makes it easier for the grass to colonize marsh environments.

这种能力使得米草属植物能够在沼泽环境中生存。另一个适应性优势就是米草属植物比其他植物能更有效的利用二氧化碳的能力。

文章读完了，让我们来一起看看你有没有读懂吧

P1: 大米草及其生长区域__________

P2: _____环境营养丰富高产(部分原因是因为米草属植物)

P3: 大米草极具竞争力

竞争优势1________________

竞争优势2________________

ANSWERS：

P1： Atlantic coast and the Gulf Coast of the United States

P2: marine environment

P3: Spartina has the ability to take up sulfides and convert them to sulfate; Spartina’s ability to use carbon dioxide more efficiently than most other plants