托福写作怎么运用情态动词

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托福写作怎么运用情态动词

首先是情态动词，尤其是Will的漏掉。中国考生受汉语影响，一提到“将来”才会有意识地用will，实际上will可以表达“能、将、会、要、就”等多种意义。只是涉及到这样的地方很多学员就把这几个词当作虚词忽略掉了，以至于经常出现“观点”与“事实”不分的句子, 如：

Riding bicycles reduces air pollution.

如果没有情态动词，这个句子就是一个表示目前存在的状态或者事实，而不表示个人对骑自行车的评价。

其它的常见的漏用还体现在与if引导的状语从句一起连用的主句中，so that或者 in order that引导的从句，或者是与without, in case of等介词短语连用的主句， 不论条件还是目的都是写作中经常出现的句式。如：

If I have time tomorrow, I drive to pick you up.

Xiao Zhang gets up very early so that he catches the earliest bus to work.

Without enough time to stay inside campus, college students don't have time to improve themselves.

其次是情态动词的误用，主要问题是中国学生在亮观点时对“can”情有独钟，而英式的学风历来讲究严谨，像can 这样语气过于绝对的表达最好换成may/ will，或者是语气更委婉的might/would probably等，同时还要搭配一定程度的副词，如：

indulgence in computer games can lead to social violence especially of teenagers。上句中can不如might用起来更加客观，因为几乎每个小孩都玩游戏，但绝不是每个人都会犯罪。

另外一个容易误用的词是should，多表示根据社会风俗习惯个人的责任，而在比较正式的议论文写作中，多数句子是以客观事物做主语的，所以用should就有些不太恰当，如：

To tackle the problem of youth crimes related with computer games, advertisement enterprises should restrict the large-scale promotion.

一般我们会用另外一个更客观性的短语be to do来代替，或者是shall，但是这里的shall不是用于第一人称后的将来时符号，而表示的是一种情态。

至于must，因为语气实在强硬，所以一般在社会性的问题的论述上我们要慎用，建议多换成need/ shall/ be to do 或者是be expected to do形式。如：

To help students get better employment, universities must increase the skillful courses.

托福写作高分满分范文点评和思路解析：动物园没有存在价值?

托福写作难点话题一览

Does a zoo have no useful purpose?

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A zoo has no useful purpose. Use specific reasons and examples to explain your answer.

写作思路展开结构分析

不能同意，no是绝对修饰词，因此一旦出现肯定是要否定的。至于公园的useful purpose有很多，大家可以任选几条来展开，当然由于现在有许多公园因为经费不够而虐待动物的新闻报道，因此大家也可以举例后指出确实有一些动物园不值得保留下去。

本话题高分范文赏析

Perhaps one of the most blameworthy factors that make some people raise the eyebrow to zoos and criticize that "A zoo has no useful purpose" is its exorbitant price to maintain. However, it is too hasty to say so, since most zoos have their significance, both educational and scientific. Modern zoos act as centers of education and are designed to make learning about animals an interesting and enjoyable experience. They provide visitors with the chance to see rare creatures, such as tigers, zebras, penguins, and giant pandas, which come from many different parts of the globe. Zoos also introduce people to their own local wildlife, offering a valuable learning experience in an increasingly urban world. At the same time, most zoos provide educational programs aimed at a wide range of ages. A visit to a zoo provides children an opportunity to see and touch animals other than household pets. For older schoolchildren, many zoos conduct classes or day trips that focus on different aspects of animal biology and the impact of humans on animal life.

Modern zoos also have their scientific imports and can function as a sanctuary for endangered animals and therefore help maintaining ecosystems. In zoos scientists can create an animal population that can become self-sustaining in the wild. An example of a successful reintroduction to the wild is the David's deer. This Asian deer was native to marshlands in northeast China before its habitat was destroyed more than 800 years ago and it became extinct in the wild. Since that time the species has been bred in zoos in China and later in Europe. In 1985 four David's deer were released to the wild in a protected animal reserve in China, where they are now breeding successfully.

On the other hand, some experts warn against placing too much reliance on zoos as biological "arks," where species can be protected regardless of environmental changes outside. Critics warn that zoos, like all human institutions, are vulnerable to unforeseen events, such as disease, fires, and financial or social upheaval. More significantly, the number of species that zoos can protect is strictly limited. Today's zoos are home to no more than a few thousand species—only a fraction of the world's animal life. Zoos already have to perform a delicate balancing act between large, crowd-attracting animals and threatened animals that have less visitor appeal. During the 21st century, zoo experts will face even harder decisions about which species they can afford to save.

托福写作高分满分范文点评和思路解析：公共场所禁止吸烟

托福写作难点话题一览

Is banning smoking in public places a good rule or a bad rule?

In some countries, people are no longer allowed to smoke in many public places and office buildings. Do you think this is a good rule or a bad rule? Use specific reasons and details to support your position.

写作思路展开结构分析

当然是好规矩。公众场所吸烟本来就是违规甚至在一些地方违法的行为。大家要注意要展开的不只是吸烟的害处，更需要说明在公共场合吸烟的害处，比如对不吸烟的人有害/可能引起火灾等等。

本话题高分范文赏析

In spite of all of the known dangers of smoking, people all over the world continue to indulge in this terrible habit. By allowing people to partake in a cigarette whenever they please, the government is encouraging the smokers' early death. Smoking should be made illegal in all public places as it is very dangerous to one's health, it endangers the life of people who must work in smoky environments, and it makes it difficult for smokers to cut down on their nicotine intake, as they can smoke everywhere. As mentioned above, there are a vast number of illnesses caused by cigarette smoke. The major disease caused by smoking is lung cancer. This particular type of cancer alone kills more people each year than any other illness.

Not only is it associated with lung cancer, it is also associated with heart disease, birth defects and a host of other disorders. On a more aesthetic level, smoking yellows one's teeth and hands, which makes him unattractive. Most people also find the smell of a smoker to be undesirable. It is not only the smoker himself who is injured by his habit. People who must work in smoky environments, such as barmaids and waiters, are susceptible to all of the above-mentioned ailments. Also, the children and spouse of a smoker will be affected by the constant smoke in their environment, and will also be adversely affected. It is unfair for people to suffer for other's bad habits. If one could only smoke in the privacy of one's home, many lives would be saved.

Finally, it is important to disallow smokers to smoke in public because doing so increases their likelihood of smoking often. If a person must go into a private area to smoke, they would be less likely to do so. It is an inconvenience, and the smoker would therefore partake in a cigarette less often. In many places in the world, it is very cold in the winter. If a person had to smoke outside in these conditions, they would be far less likely to do so. This would eventually make it easier for the smoker to quit the habit. Therefore, I believe that it would be beneficial for everyone if smokers were only allowed to have a cigarette while in private smoking areas. Enforcing this rule would save thousands of lives, and would also decrease the amount spent on health care dramatically.