GRE考前看机经早已成为几乎每个考生都会在考试前仔细研读的学习资料。但是同样用机经,考生的实际收获却存在不小差异,常有同学抱怨机经没用。今天小编给大家带来了GRE学会机经正确用法才能发挥提分价值,希望能够帮助到大家,一起来学习吧。
GRE学会机经正确用法才能发挥提分价值
GRE阅读机经到底有没有用?
GRE阅读机经如果使用得当,可以对于GRE考试成绩有一定程度的提高。如果是一个水平不高的GRE考试者,利用机经则有可能使你的成绩轻松提高数十分,即使是高手也能有稳定情绪节约时间的效果。GRE阅读机经是通过对机经的回忆而整合出来的资料库性质的复习材料。既然是机经回忆,研究GRE阅读机经肯定会对熟悉考试内容有所帮助。
但是,GRE阅读机经毕竟是靠回忆得来的资料,难免会存在一些误差和失真,比如题目的不完整,答案也因人而异,值得商榷和斟酌。由于GRE题库中题目的会重复出现,所以在考场上看到阅读机经的几率是大大存在的。
GRE阅读机经正确使用方法介绍
小编需要特别提醒大家的是,不建议考生完全依赖于GRE机经备考,更不能只靠死背记住机经答案就觉得考试万无一失了。考生还是应该以理解题目、熟悉出题思路和解答方法作为主要突破口进行机经的学习和研究。具体来说,考生看阅读机经,主要还是了解一下文章所讲的内容,对于题目会考到的一些细节留意其原文所在位置,还有主旨题态度题等涉及到的相关内容也要留下一定影响。但大家千万不要花功夫去把具体每道题目选哪个选项都背下来,因为考试中即使遭遇到也很少会原样照搬。如果只是死记硬背下了答案,考试题目稍稍做些改动就可能会让你反受其害,所谓机经反噬正是如此。
不要把机经当成投机取巧救命稻草
虽然GRE阅读机经会为你的备考带来一定的便利,但正如很多GRE老师和考生都总结过的,GRE机经可以帮你,但救不了你。GRE考试说到底还是考察考生的综合实力,如果底子打不好,基础不扎实,想要靠着机经投机取巧搞定考试是不现实的。同学们还应该以平时的备考练习为主,脚踏实地的积累实力,为考试做好充分的准备,在这个基础上学习参考GRE阅读机经,才能让其发挥出最大的价值。
GRE阅读选择答案的具体技巧
阅读考查的范围非常广,不像填空、类比和反义那样注重基础和词汇量,而GRE阅读又与其他考试中的阅读有很大区别,所以在技巧方法上也要区分对待。GRE阅读中多见长句,对理解造成很大障碍,然而这一大特点也促使形成了解决GRE阅读的一个制胜法宝——从原文中来,到原文中去。因为长句具有较高的难度,所以出题者会把很大的精力放在对句子本身的理解上,而不像其他考试中的阅读那样主要侧重对文章内容的理解。在实际解题过程中,我们如果真正理解并掌握了这一点,就能提高做题速度和准确性,因为实实在在能从原文中找到证据的答案必定是正确答案。
虽然答案是绝对忠于原文的,但它的出现往往都披着迷惑人的外衣,同时其他四个似是而非的选项也会对考生进行干扰。对原文中句子变形的方法多种多样,变形后的句子所使用的句式和词组搭配常常不同于原句,一般会是对原句的解释和概括,但基本框架不变。一旦正确掌握了原句的复杂结构,选择出正确答案就不会困难了。以下几个例子都来自考生容易选错的题目:
Eg1. According to the passage, random failures in automatic control systems are "not merely trivial aberrations" because
(A) Automatic control systems are designed by engineers who have little practical experience in the field
(B) The failures are characteristic of systems designed by engineers relying too heavily on concepts in mathematics
(C) The failures occur too often to be taken lightly
(D) Designers of automatic control systems have too little training in the analysis of mechanical difficulties
(E) Designers of automatic control systems need more help from scientists who have a better understanding of the analytical problems to be solved before such systems can work efficiently
本题在原文中的定位为:Absurd random failures that plague automatic control systems are not merely trivial aberrations; they are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics. 这个句子中间用分号隔开,分号前的部分对应着题干中的问题,分号后即是对前半句的解释,也就是说这个句子本身就是一问一答型,答案就是后半句话,在选择答案时我们只要看哪个选项是对这句话的变形即可。注意这半句话中chaos是一个关键词,that 引导定语从句,而这个定语从句中又有一个关键短语:result in,这个短语是表示结果的,然后看它的宾语是mathematics,而这个名词是不能被替换掉的,直接从五个选项中挑选,只有B说出了mathematics,无疑这就是正确答案了。解答本题时能看出mathematics这一重心之后,根本不需要自己进行任何总结和概括,看出哪个选项是对原句的变形就全部搞定了。我们再仔细看一下B答案,其中rely heavily on代替了原句中的chaos result in,而意义与先前保持一致。
Eg2. According to the passage, certain serious contemporary phot.raphers expressly make which of the following claims about their phot.raphs?
(A)Their phot.raphs could be created by almost anyone who had a camera and the time to devote to the activity.
(B)Their phot.raphs are not examples of art but are examples of the phot.raphers' impartial observation of the world.
(C)Their phot.raphs are important because of their subjects but not because of the responses they evoke in viewers.
(D)Their phot.raphs exhibit the same ageless principles of form and shading that have been used in painting.
(E) Their phot.raphs represent a conscious glorification of the mechanical aspects of twentieth-century life.
本题在原文中的定位为:Serious phot.raphers variously claim to be finding, recording, impartially observing, witnessing events, exploring themselves—anything but making works of art. 注意anything but 是“决不”的意思,B答案就是对这句话的变形,只不过是把原文中所列出的几种形式用examples概括罢了。在这个例子中还要注意的是原句中的anything but注定了其变形应该表示否定,按照这种理解很容易选出正确答案。
Eg3. According to the passage, what did Hargrave and Green do in the laboratory?
(A) They compared the grazing rates of individual zooplankton species in the laboratory with the natural grazing rates of these species.
(B) They hypothesized about the population density of grazers in natural habitats by using data concerning the population density of grazers in the laboratory.
(C) They estimated the community grazing rates of zooplankton in the laboratory by using data concerning the natural community grazing rates of zooplankton.
(D) They estimated the natural community grazing rates of zooplankton by using data concerning the known population density of phytoplankton.
(E) They estimated the natural community grazing rates of zooplankton by using laboratory data concerning the grazing rates of individual zooplankton species.
本题在原文中的定位为:Studies by Hargrave and Green estimated natural community grazing rates by measuring feeding rates of individual zooplankton species in the laboratory and then computing community grazing rates for field conditions using the known population density of grazers. 原句比较复杂,并且使用and then介绍操作顺序,在理解原句时要分清主要动作和次要动作,而选项中给出的句子都非常短,也就是要对原句进行压缩,找出主要动作。理解了这种变形之后,不难发现正确答案为E。
GRE阅读利用虚拟语气找答案
(1) 若在文章中看到虚拟语气,考虑直接取非反义理解,迅速把握作者态度。
如下面这句话:
例一:Perhaps, some scientists thought, migrants determine their ge.raphic position on Earth by celestial navigation, almost as human navigators use stars and plan, but this would demand of the animals a fantastic map sense. (选自N0.6题第一套section 1短文章)
这句话看似很长,翻译成为中文的意思是:“有些科学家认为,就像人类采用恒星和行星来定位一样,候鸟或许也是采用天体的导航才得以确定它们所处的地理位置,但这要求这类动物具有令人难以置信的地图感。”中文读过去都让人头疼。其实我们用虚拟语气取非的思想来处理,其要表达的意思就很简单,对前半句话取非,说白了就是前半句话是行不通的,也就是“migrants cannot determine their ge.raphic position on Earth by celestial navigation。”可以知道作者对这种解释持负评价。
我们再来看个例子:
例二:According to natural selection theory, a worker would enhance her fitness—or ability to propagate her genes—by hatching her own eggs in addition to or in place of the queen’s。(选自国内题1993年10月练习题section 5短文章)
这句话也是虚拟语气,我们直接取反理解,作者想要表达的就是 “a worker will not enhance her …”
运用这种取非的思想我们可以迅速的把握作者的态度,以及作者想要表达的真实意思。就不用先翻译成绕口的中文,再拼命的思索其中的含义,可以有效地为考试争取时间。
(2) 在题干中看到虚拟语气,大多需要用到取非思想,与之相对应的一种题型是GRE阅读题中常见的一种,叫做“改进型取非题”。看例子之前,先简单解释下什么是“改进型取非题”。很简单,如果题干问“如果一个对象怎样会更好”则是改进型取非题,来看具体的例子:
例:It can be inferred from the passage that the “first theories” of grazer control mentioned in line 3 would have been more convincing if researchers had been able to(选自NO.6第二套section 1长文章),这是一个典型的改进型取非题题干,问的是第三行第一个理论怎样会更好。
逻辑思路:既然是改进,原文肯定说到了它的不好之处或者有unless的句子,我们把造成不好的原因取非,就是所要的答案了。
按照此思路定位原文三行,看到后面有这样一句话“A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested, but did not prove, that the grazers had removed most of the algae。”注意看插入语部分的“but did not prove”,这个就是缺点,取非就是“prove”再看五个选项:
(A) observe high phytoplankton numbers under natural lake conditions
(B) discover negative correlations between algae and zooplankton numbers from their field research
(C) understand the central importance of environmental factors in controlling the growth rates of phytoplankton
(D) make verifiable correlations of cause and effect between zooplankton and phytoplankton numbers
(E) invent laboratory techniques that would have allowed them to bypass their field research concerning grazer control
一眼扫过去就只有一个选项在讲证明,就是D中的verifiable。所以答案选D。很快解完此题。
(3) 取非的思路除了可以在虚拟语气中使用,还可以在另一种逻辑关系中使用,就是强对比的关系,也就是GRE阅读题中另一种常练习题型“强对比互取非题”,其主要特点是:原文中有强对比的双方,题干只问及其中一方,答案是对另一方叙述的取非;或者题干和原文存在强对比要素,如典型的时间要素,答案也是对原文的叙述取非。
来看个简单的例子,
例:The author suggests that, before the early 1950’s, most historians who studied preindustrial Europe did which of the following(选自NO.6第三套section 4 长文章)
思路:在题干中看到了1950’s,第一反应就是要回原文定位,发现原文只讲到了”in the early 1950’s”并没有”before”,这显然就是时间上一个取非的关系,我们把in the early 1950’s干的事情取个非,就是之前干的事情。答案就很好选了,在此不举出来了。
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GRE学会机经正确用法才能发挥提分价值
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