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托福阅读考试流程之先读文章还是先做题

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托福阅读考试流程, 先读文章还是先做题,今天小编给大家带来托福阅读考试流程,希望能够帮助到大家,下面小编就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。

托福阅读考试流程 先读文章还是先做题?

一.做题的两种基本方法

最基本的做题顺序有两种:先读(全篇)文章再做题;先读题目再读文章(相应部分)然后做题。托福阅读最基本的做题顺序又能衍生变化出两种做题顺序:读一段文章,做相应的题目,然后再读一段,再做相应的题目;读文章各段首句,然后看题目,再找文章内相应部分做题。

二.哪种做题方法更优

对于多数人来说,可能“读文章各段首句,然后看题目,再找文章内相应部分做题”的托福阅读做题顺序会比较合适,读各段首句可以粗略掌握文章大意和结构,做题再看内容再做能大大降低“工作量”,但是这种做法不利于对全文的消化吸收,从而不利于做总结题,也可能会遗漏文章内的一些细节而导致做错细节题。而托福目前反馈大都是顺序出题的,所以建议练习时就尽量往“读一段做相应题目,再读一段再做相应题目”这一顺序去靠拢,可以对文章有全面的把握,虽然总量上还是要读完全文,但是对大脑的短期记忆的负担要比通读全文再做题目小很多。

三.Paraphrase的重要性

在IBT阅读中,甚至可以扩展到ETS所有考试的阅读题目中,如果要用一个词来概括的话,那就是paraphrase,意译。无论是题干还是正确选项,大都能在原文中找出一句话来与之相对应。即题目是原文的意译。这种意译是通过同义词来完成的。即题干中多用近义词来对原文中的句子进行替换,来达到提出问题或者提出正确答案的意思。准确把握意译,是多数题目中准确在原文中定位信息、或者在迷惑选项中选出正确的那个,都有着重要的作用。关于先看题目还是先看文章的问题。也就是做题时间安排的问题。由于对问题的回答建立在了熟悉全文的基础上,每个问题又有足够的时间返回全文,每个选项都一一进行斟酌。托福阅读文段一般都依照老美的思路来成文,首段、尾段、首句、尾句以及过渡段(句)很重要,只要是依据美国人的阅读思路来安排托福阅读做题顺序,那托福阅读就不会像你想象的那样难以拿分。

以上是小站君为大家整理的关于托福阅读考试流程及做题顺序的内容,希望对大家有帮助。托福阅读考试中,由于文章篇幅太长,不建议先读完原文再做题,但是每一个段落的大意是需要大家准确把握的,希望大家在平时练习中能提升做题速度,但是在加快速度的同时也保证较高的正确率。

托福阅读背景知识之头等舱最危险

Beware first-class travellers! Passengers sitting in the rear of a plane have the best chance of survival in the event of a crash, an extraordinary and costly aviation experiment ever conducted has revealed.

In a unique aviation experiment recently, the 170-seat Boeing 727 was made to crash in a controlled manner in a remote part of Mexico's Sonoran Desert.

After pilot James Slocum parachuted out of the plane at 2,500ft, the jet was guided into the ground by a pilot in a following Cessna via a remote-control device, the reporters reported.

On board the jet were three sophisticated crash-test dummies designed to move like humans.

They were arranged in three positions: one in the classic brace and wearing a seat-belt; one belted but not in the brace position; and one neither belted nor in the brace.

After the jet hit the ground nose-first, experts found that the dummy in the brace position would have survived the impact, the one not in the brace would have suffered serious head injuries, and the dummy not wearing a seat-belt would have perished.

Using this, experts predicted that 78 percent of passengers on board would have survived the impact, but that coming down nose-first, all the first-class travellers would have died because the front of the fuselage sheared off.

Those sitting at the back would have had the best chance of survival.

The 1 million pound project, to be screened on Channel 4 next month, aimed to recreate a serious but survivable incident and allow scientists to study the crashworthiness of the aircraft's frame and cabin, as well as the impact on the human body.

It is also hoped that the findings may help increase the chances of passengers surviving such a crash in the future.

The Boeing was packed with dozens of cameras to record the impact from the inside. Footage was also collected on the ground, in chase planes, and even from the ejecting pilot's helmet.

头等舱的乘客要当心了!一项耗资巨大的特别飞行试验揭示,在坠机事故中生还机会最大的是坐在飞机尾部的乘客。

在近日开展的一项独特的飞行试验中,一架有170个座位的波音727飞机被控坠落在墨西哥索诺拉沙漠的一个偏远地带。

据报道,在飞行员詹姆斯?索罗克姆于2500英尺高空跳伞离开飞机后,后面跟着的赛斯纳飞机上的一名飞行员用遥控设备操纵飞机向地面降落。

试验飞机上有三具精密的坠机测试专用人偶,这些假人的四肢可以像真人一样移动。

它们以三种姿势摆放:一个人偶用标准方式系紧安全带,一个人偶扣上安全带但没系牢,还有一个人偶完全没有系安全带。

在飞机以头朝地的形式坠落到地面后,专家发现,安全带系得很紧的人偶会逃过坠机这一劫,松松地系着安全带的人偶头部会严重受伤,没有系安全带的人偶会毁掉。

根据这一试验结果,专家预测,78%的飞机乘客会生还,但因为飞机是头朝下落地,所以所有头等舱的乘客都会死亡,因为机身前端被削掉了。

那些坐在飞机尾部的乘客生还机会最大。

这一耗资100万英镑的试验项目将于下个月在第四频道播放。该项目的目的是通过再现一场严重但有生还机会的坠机事故,让科学家研究飞机机架和机舱的耐撞性能,以及坠机对人体的影响。

研究人员还希望这些研究结果能有助于提高未来这样的坠机事故中乘客的生还几率。

这架波音飞机上安装了几十个摄像机,从飞机内部来记录坠机影响力。地面上、跟踪的飞机、甚至跳伞飞行员的头盔内也安装了摄像头来采集视频。

实例解析托福阅读中如何准确定位

发现不少这样的同学,自认阅读不错,实际考出来的分数只有22分左右,甚至会更低。ETS对阅读高水平(High level)的评定标准是22—30分。而事实上,阅读如果达不到25分以上,总分想要过百会比较困难,因为这相当于把挣分的压力转移到了大部分人比较弱的听力、口语、写作上面。由此可见,阅读取得高分对于获得百分以上的托福成绩是一种保证!

那么为什么很多自认为阅读不错的考生不一定能在这一部分熠熠生辉呢? 这是因为新托福阅读考试存在一些“绊马索”。

“绊马索”:细节题考查精确定位

托福阅读中的细节题其实不难,但前提是定位的点要对,比如下面这个例题:

Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington, is now the most common. The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country, it is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.

According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound-

A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.

B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.

C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.

D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.

这是一个典型的细节题,在该题题干中,有的考生会选择Puget Sound作为关键词回原文定位,因为它是专有名词,在文中会比较显眼。但是如果一旦选择了这个地名,势必会定位在该段的第一句话,托福细节题往往是定位在哪句就在哪句找答案,这样的话考生是选不出正确答案的,因为定位不精确。其实正确的关键词应该是white-tailed deer,这个用连字符连接的词在文章中也是比较醒目的,按该词定位应是该段最后一句话。所以根据它的意思应该选D项。其中A项与原句意思不符,B和C都与定位句信息无关。我们再来看另外一个否定事实细节题的例子:

Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly, and their structure depends on the particular history of the area. Ecologists use the term “succession” to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community, while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes—in plant numbers and the mix of species—are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years.

According to paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true of climax communities-

A. They occur at the end of a succession.

B. They last longer than any other type of community.

C. The numbers of plants in them and the mix of species do not change

D. They remain stable for at least 500 years at a time.

这个题大家都会选择用climax communities去定位,但在定位过程中会出现很多问题。首先考生要学会跳跃式定位,即根据文章中特殊的标点符号以及最醒目的词来搜索我们真正需要的关键词。文中的particular是加了阴影的,succession是在引号里面的,都非常醒目,通过看这两个词我们会发现它们附近没有我们需要的东西;再比较突出的就是数字及破折号,在500的上方有a climax community,但它是单数,与题干关键词不完全匹配,细节题讲究的是精确定位,所以我们应该选择500斜下方的Climax communities,即该段的最后一句话。否定事实细节题的出题思路有两种:一是无中生有,即根据定位点的内容,四个选项只有一个没有提到,这种思路多适用于选项比较简短的题目;二是张冠李戴,即根据定位点的内容表述,只有一个选项与之矛盾,这种思路多适应于选项比较长的题目。就这个例题而言,根据定位的最后一句话,从表述上来说跟它相关的只有C和D两个选项,D项的意思与原句相符,而C项与原句矛盾,所以正确答案是C。综上所述,做新托福阅读的细节题,最重要的一点就是要尽量地去精确定位。



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