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成考英语语法

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成考英语语法

  语法是英语考试中的重中之重,所占分值也多。提高英语能力的方法是多读多练多积累。小编在这里整理了成考英语语法供大家阅读,希望能帮助到您。

  成考英语语法

  第一部分:语气的定义和种类

  1 语气(mood):语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

  2 语气的种类

  ⑴、陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如:

  ①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。

  ②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗?

  ③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊!

  ⑵、祈使语气:表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如:

  ①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。

  ②Don‘t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。

  ⑶、虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如:

  ①If I were a bird,I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。

  ②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。

  ③May you succeed!祝您成功!

  第二部分:简单句中的虚拟语气

  一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气,常用于日常会话中。如:

  ⑴、Would you be kind enough to show methe way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗?

  ⑵、It would be better for you not tostay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。

  二、表祝愿。

  1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿,但愿,此时may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)。

  ⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运! ⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐!

  ⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就!⑷、Mayyou have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。

  ⑸、May the friendship between us lastlong. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。

  ⑹、May you be happy. (注意那个be)祝你幸福。

  2、用动词原形。例如:

  (1)、Long live the people!人民万岁!(2)、“Godbless you,”said the priest.牧师说:“愿上帝保佑你!”

  (3)、Have a good journey!祝愿你旅途愉快!

  三、表示强烈愿望。(该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形,第三人称单数也不加“s”)

  (1)、God save me. (2)、Heavenhelp us.

  四、表命令

  1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you),而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。

  2.句子尾通常加上感叹号:!

  3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present),如:work,be , go

  4.否定形式的命令语气,可用助动词do,加上not.

  (1)、Work !(2)、Workharder !(3)、Be more alert !(虚拟语气动词Be)(4)、Yougo out !

  (5)、Do not work so hard. (donot 表示否定的虚拟语气)

  (6)、Don't be afraid. (口语中常用don't代替do not)

  五、在一些习惯表达中

  如:(1)、You‘dbetter set off now.你最好现在就出发。(2)、I‘drather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。

  第三部分:名词性从句中的虚拟语气

  第一节:宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气

  一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

  在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,常省去宾语从句的引导词that.

  一)、对现在情况的虚拟(与现在的事实相反):

  从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语be和were(was),实义动词用过去式。例:

  1. I wish (that可省略,下同)Iknew the answer to the question.(wish,动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)

  2. I wish it were springin my hometown all the year around.(wish,were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能)

  3. I wish I were a bird.(wish,were)但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能)

  4. When she was at theparty,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家)

  5. Now that he is inChina,he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)现在他在中国,他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂)

  6. When we begin thetrip,they will wish they were with us.(willwish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)

  二)、对过去情况的虚拟(和过去的事实相反):

  用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时,或would,could,might+现在完成时。例:

  1. I wish (that可省略,下同)Ihadn't wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了)

  2. He wishes he hadn'tlost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去)

  3. We wished he hadspoken to us. (wished,had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲)

  4. I wish you had calledearlier. (wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了)

  5. They will wish theyhad listened to us sooner. (will wish,had+ listened)(事实上并不如此)

  例题分析:I wish I ______ longerthis morning,but I had to get up and come to class.

  A. could have slept B.sleptC. might have slept D. have slept

  动词wish后面接从句,表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即用过去式(表示现在发生的动作)或过去完成式(表示过去发生的动作)。本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had to get up and come,所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。所以,选项A)could have slept是答案

  三)、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望):

  从句动词"would/should/could/might+ 动词原形"(时间上较后)(请注意:主句和从句的主语不相同)。用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。例:

  1. I wish it would stopraining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop)我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢)

  2. I wish you would bequiet.(would + be)我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢)

  3. You wished she wouldarrive the next day.(would + arrive)你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到)

  4. I wish she wouldchange her mind.(would + change)我希望她会改变主意。(呵呵,女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔)

  5. He will wish we wouldjoin him the following week.(would + join)(只是希望我们和他在一起,实际上还没在一起)

  四)、注意:

  1.如果将wish改为过去式wished,其后that从句中的动词形式不变。例如:

  I wished I hadn't spentso much money. 我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。

  2. 如果that从句中用would ,一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求

  I wish he would answermy letter. I wish prices would comedown. I wish you would help me.

  I wish you would stopasking silly questions.

  二、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

  由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见,认为某事应该或不应该怎样,这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气,且均以“should+动词原形”表示这种语气,但事实上“should”常被省略,故此从句中谓语动词用原形,常用的此类动词有:表示“要求”的:ask, desire, request,demand, require, beg表示“提议、劝告、建议”的:move,prpose, suggest, recommend,advise, vote表示“决定、命令”的:decide,order表示“主张”的:maintain,urge表示“同意、坚持”的:consent,insist

  例如:

  1.The doctor suggestedthat he (should)try to lose his weight.

  2.He insisted that we (should)tell him the news.

  3.When I suggested thathe try shaving cream, he said,“Therazor and water do the job. ”(当我建议他用刮胡膏时,他说“剃刀和水就行了”。)

  4.He pursued varioustheories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how itdid work. (他费了几天功夫寻找理论根据,直到我建议拆开看看它是如何转动的。)

  5.One can suggest thatstudents should spend two or three years in an English speaking country. (我们建议学生应在说英语的国家呆上两三年。)

  在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中虚拟语气很普遍,其结构如:

  order,suggest, propose, require,demand, request, insist,command, insist +…… (should)do

  6.I suggest that we (should)holda meeting next week.

  7.He insisted that he (should)be sent there.

  但注意:在insist 后的从句中,如果是坚持自己,用陈述语气,坚持别人做什么事情,用虚拟语气。

  8.she insists that sheis right.

  9.she insisted that Ishould finish the work at once.

  或者说,suggest,insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时,即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时,宾语从句用陈述语气。

  10.The guard at gateinsisted that everybody obey the rules.

  判断改错:

  (错)11.You pale facesuggests that you (should)beill.

  (对)12.Your pale facesuggests that you are ill.

  (错)13.I insisted that you (should)be wrong.

  (对)14.I insisted that youwere wrong.

  例题分析:15.It is politelyrequested by the hotel management that radios ______ after 11 o'clock at night.

  A. were not played B.not be playedC. not to play D. did not play

  全句意思是:“旅馆管理部门恳请客人晚上11点后不要打开收音机”。句中的谓语动词request(请求)所引出的从句应当用虚拟语气,即动词原形或“should+动词原形”。本句的主语从句中,主语radio是谓语动词play的客体,谓语应当用被动语态。所以,答案是C)not be played.在上述这类句子中不能用动词过去时形式表示虚拟语气,所以A)不正确。选项B)not to play是动词带to的不定式,不能在句中作谓语。选项D)did not play也是动词play的过去时形式,同样不能在本句中作为虚拟语气来使用。而且,它是主动语态形式,而本题要用被动语态。

  练习:

  16)、Thechairman requested that .

  [A]the members studied more carefullythe problem[B]the problem was more carefulnessly studied

  [C]with more carefulness the problemcould be studied[D]the members study the problem more carefully

  17)、Thecommittee recommends that the matter at the next meeting .

  [A]would be discussed[B]willbe discussed[C]be discussed[D]may be discussed

  18)、Thedoctor insisted that his patient .

  [A]that he not work too hard for threemonths[B]take it easy for three months

  C]takingit easy inside of three months[D]to take some vacations for threemonths

  三、在expect,believe,think,suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

  在expect,believe,think,suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中,我们经常用“should+动词原形(或完成形式)”,表示惊奇,怀疑,不满等。

  I never thought that heshould be such a brave young soldier. 我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士。

  练习:

  1)thatthe time will soon be ripe for intervention in Iran,theywould be faced by a large army?

  [A]It is believed[B]Shouldthey believe[C]They would believe[D]If they would believe

  2)Ithink it advisable that he for Tokyo soon.

  [A]will leave[B]mayleave[C]leave[D]leaves

  四、would rather ,would sooner,had rather,would (just)as soon ,would prefer之后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

  would rather ,would sooner, had rather, would (just)as soon,would prefer(希望)也用来表达主观愿望,它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来,用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示“宁愿做什么”或"对过去做的事的懊悔".

  (1)、I would rather he cametomorrow than today.

  (2)、John would rather thatshe had not gone to the party yesterday evening.

  (3)、Don' t live in the world,Iwould rather( I would just as soon) you die.

  (4)、I would rather you gotomorrow.

  (5)、I would rathereverything hadn' t happened in the past.

  (6)、The manager would ratherhis daughter did not work in the same office.经理宁愿她女儿不与他在同一间办公室工作。

  (7)、To be frank,I'drather you were not involved in the case.坦率地说,我希望你不要卷入这件事。

  (8)、You don't have to be insuch a hurry.I would rather you went on business first.你没有必要这么着急,我宁愿你先去上班。

  (9)、I'd rather you didn'tmake any comment on the issue for the time being.我倒希望你暂时先不要就此事发表意见。

  (10)、Franklyspeaking ,I'd rather you didn't do anything about it for the time being.坦白地说,我宁愿你现在对此事什么也不要做。

  (11)、Wouldn'tyou rather your child went to bed early?为什么你不愿让你的孩子早点上床呢?

  注:

  ①若某人愿自己做某事,would rather后用动词原形Iwould rather stay at home today.

  ②would rather.……than.……中用动词原形Iwould rather stay at home than go out today.

  五、“had hoped”后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

  用“had hoped”表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情,其宾语从句的谓语用“would+动词原形”。

  I had hoped that shewould go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay inChina.我原本希望她到美国去念书,但她说她喜欢留在中国。

  第二节:主语从句中的虚拟语气

  一、“It is (was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that……”结构中的虚拟语气

  在形如“It is (was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that……”结构中,使用某些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、较好、迫切、紧近、重要等形容词后的主语从句的谓语也用虚拟语气。其表达形式为should +动词原形或省略should直接用动词原形(美国英语中省去should)

  常用的形容词:* natural (自然的),appropriate(适当的),advisable (合适的),preferable (更可取的),better(更好的)* necessary (必须的),important (重要的),imperative(急需的),urgent(急迫的),essential (本质的),vital(必不可少的)* probable (很可能的),possible (可能的)*desirable (极好的)advisable(合理的),compulsory(必须的),crucial(紧急的),desirable(理想的),essential(必要的),imperative(迫切的),incredible(惊人的),necessary(必要的),possible(可能的),strange(奇怪的),urgent(紧迫的)。

  常用的过去分词(Past Participle):*required (需要的), demanded (要求), requested (被请求的),desired (要求)* suggested (建议), recommended (推荐)*orderd (命令)

  1. It is necessary thatwe (should 可省略,下同)have a walk now.(necessary,should + have)(表示有需要去散步)

  2.It was necessary thatwe (should)make everything ready ahead of time.(necessary,should+ make)(表示有必要事先做好准备)

  3. It is required thatnobody (should)smoke here.(required,should+ smoke)(表示要求不要在此抽烟)

  4. It is important thatevery pupil (should)be able to understand therule of school.(important,should+ be)(表示重要的是学生都能了解校规)

  5. It's important thatwe (should)take good care of the patient.(important,should+ take)(表示重要的是照顾好病人)

  6. It is natural thatshe should do so. (形容词natural,should+动词原形do)

  7.It is essential thatthese application forms be sent back as early as possible.这些申请表应尽早地寄回,这是很重要的。

  8.It is vital thatenough money be collected to fund the project.重要的是募集足够的钱,为这个项目提供资金。

  9.It is desired that we(should)geteverything ready this evening.希望我们今晚一切都准备就绪。

  注:在上述所列形容词后面用that引出的宾语从句中,谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。

  10.I don't think itadvisable that Tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience.汤姆缺乏经验,指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的。

  二、在Itis +名词+that…的主语从句中的虚拟语气

  在It is +名词+that的主语从句中,常用虚拟语气,表示建议、命令、请求、道歉、怀疑、惊奇等。这类名词有:advice ,decision ,desire,demand ,idea,motion ,order,pity,preference ,proposal,recommendation,requirement,resolution,shame,suggestion,surprise,wish,wonder等。⑴、It is my proposal that he be sent tostudy further abroad.我建议派他去国外进一步学习。

  第三节:虚拟语气用在表语从句或同位语从句中

  当某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时,其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气,其表达形式为should +动词原形或直接用动词原形。这类名词常见的有:demand (要求),desire (请求),requirment (要求)advice (劝告),recommendation (建议),suggestion (建议)order (命令)necessity(必要地),preference (优先)proposal (计划),plan(计划),idea (办法),recommendation以及plan,idea,resolution等。

  We are all for yourproposal that the discussion be put off.我们都赞成你提出的将讨论延期的建议。

  The suggestion that themayor present the prizes was accepted by everyone.由市长颁发奖金的建议被每个人接受。

  ⑴、The advice is that we (should可省略,下同) leave at once.(名词advice,should+ leave)(表示加以劝告)

  ⑵、My idea is that we (should)getmore people to attend the conference. (idea,should+ get)(表示做出主意)

  ⑶、I make a proposal that we (should)hold a meeting next week. (proposal,should + hold)(表示做出计划)

  ⑷、The judge assented to the suggestionthat .

  [A]both of the criminals will soon beset freedom[B]some of the criminals there are of guilt only

  [C]the girl was to be paroled in thecustody of a welfare society[D]the prisoner be sentenced to death

  成考英语学习建议

  一、心态调整篇:成人英语学习更重要的是心态

  英语学习本来就是一个持续的过程,成人学英语也是如此。也许你刚开始学习的时候效果并不是很理想,也许你每次和别人用英语对话的时候都会被嘲笑,但也不要放弃。不要不好意思,如果连英语都不敢说,又怎么能开口说“我爱你”呢!

  速恩外教在成人英语培训方面有超过10年的经验,我们的外教老师都是英语母语国家为主、经验丰富的外教。我们不仅会根据成人的基础量身定制课程,还在课程上设置了情景式模拟教学,让你把学到的英语更好的运用起来。

  二、方法篇:没有学不好的英语,只要你方法找对。

  速恩外教的老师在这里给我们介绍了几个英语学习的小贴士,不仅有趣还好用。

  1、看美剧(这里最好是中英双语字母哦!)

  美剧是我们英语学习的一个好方法,但是需要你手、脑、口并用。

  手:看的时候拿一个笔记本,把不会的单词记下来,查询好并做记录。

  脑:眼睛看到的单词,大脑里也要过一遍。

  口:跟着美剧里的人物一起大声的说,最好是模仿他们的语调,培养英语发音的韵律感。

  ps:大家是想借着看美剧来学英语的,过程中可能会有些困难,但坚持一段时间后,你会发现效果真的好。

  2、听英文歌

  打开你的网易音乐,其中一定包含不少的英文歌吧,但是我们平时听的是旋律,可能并没有很好的注意其中的单词和句型。听英文歌曲的好处是既能陶冶情操、放松身心,又能学习英语、打通你英语听力的任督二脉。外教老师表示在弄懂英文歌的单词和语法重点后,可以学唱英文歌。等自己足够的熟悉后,就可以一边听、一边唱、还可以一边默写下来。

  3、找外教学习

  找外教学英语是个非常不错的方法,这就等于你是生活在了语言环境中,学习速度和效率也将有很大的提升。如果外教老师是英语母语国家的就更好了,你还可以跟着练习自己的英语思维和思考能力,这对于你的英语学习来说将是一个质的提升。

  本次整理就到这里啦,祝大家在考试中能金榜题名!

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