雅思写作四个步骤的搭建过程,好的雅思写作思路真的很重要。下面小编就和大家分享雅思写作四个步骤的搭建过程,希望能够帮助到大家,来欣赏一下吧。
雅思写作从框架到内容技巧
雅思写作步骤之一:框架构建
雅思写作考试主要体型分类为:IDO模式(introduction discussion opinion即引入观点,正反论证和提出结论),PES模式(phenomenon explanation solutions 即现象描述,解释说明和问题解决)和issue模式(to what extant do you agree or disagree)。
所以考生在考试前有必要把每个模块的表达句型准备好,最好形成自己的模块,只要考到该考点都用相应的模式去写作,这是第一步。
下面以最常考的issue为例给大家一个范本,以有保留的肯定作为基本立场,在此仅供各位做一个基本的参考:
I agree with the speaker’s broad assertion that…. However, the speaker unnecessarily extends this broad assertion to embrace…. My points of contention with the speaker involve…, as discussed below.
I concede that the speaker is on the correct philosophical side of this issue. After all, ….
While…, at the same time we should be circumspect about…. After all,….
The speaker’s assertion is troubling in two other respects as well. First, …. Secondly… . For instance…
In sum, the speaker’s assertion that… begs the question, because…. As for the broader assertion, I agree that…. Nevertheless, …. In the final analysis, given … we are forced to strike a balance in how we ….
当然,这里只是给大家一个例子,究竟如何总结这个框架,和考生平时阅读是分不开的。可以从美文的范文或者官方给出的样文中自己提炼出属于自己的框架,但最重要的是要在平时针对不同的考试题目来反复熟练的使用这个模块,才能保证自己在考场上能够熟悉自如地使用这个写作思路。
雅思写作步骤之二:内容填实
如何填实中间段落的内容,主要从两个方面入手,一个是要掌握常见题目的观点以及论据,另一个是要掌握常见的论证手段。下面分别做简单介绍。
常见观点的准备是非常重要的,一定要针对雅思考试常考查的话题做考前总结,做到熟悉话题,针对话题能够提出相应的观点,并且能自如的用英语表达相关的观点和例子。常见的考试话题范围做如下总结和归纳,希望考生考前做好应对准备:animal experiments; censorship; compete or play; youth drug abuse; e-book or p-book; female juvenile crime; intelligent machines replacement; mandatory retirement age; overweight; corporal punishments; littering problems; evaluate and criticize teachers; cities are becoming lager; the Olympic games; TV and children; vegetarian diet or eating meat; honest and white lies; taking a gap year; capital punishment; job-hopping; censorship of the internet; the disappearance of language and culture; marijuana; government subsidize artists and musicians.
这里给大家罗列了常见的话题,大家做好充分的准备是非常有必要的,可以每个话题通过同意和反对或者现象解释解决等角度总结常见的词汇和表达。
当然准备一些通用性的观点也是非常有必要的,比如各位考生在考试没有太充分准备的观点是可以从如下几个方面加以考虑的:经济、时间、健康、方便、心理、感情、权利、环境、文化和道德。
提出观点后剩下的是需要论证观点了,要掌握常见的论证手段:比如数据说明、实验结果、引用权威、逸闻趣事、实际事例、调查采访等等。这些段落也需要模块化,事先做好充分的准备,考试的时候可以直接使用模块,替换内容即可。下面以引用权威的名人名言为例给大家做一个简单介绍:
To illustrate it profoundly and comprehensively, I would like to cite what one of my favorite writers Francis Bacon ever mentioned: Histories make men wise; poems witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. We can easily build up an accurate picture of implications behind his/her words.
考试可以按照需要替换内容,从而达到模块化过程。其他的例子限于篇幅不一一展开,这里主要呈现一个基本思路。
雅思写作步骤之三:语言改错
很多中国考生雅思写作得到较低分数,其中一个很重要的原因就是里面犯了大量的语法错误,这里讲给大家列出一个check list,希望同学们在练习完自己的文章以后针对这几个方面给自己做改错练习,长期训练将有效提高各位考生的写作质量:
名词:名词的可数单数一定不能单独存在。注意单复数等基本问题。
动词:时刻注意“与时俱进”,任何时候用动词都要想清楚时态的使用。被动的结构不要出错,虚拟语气的动词使用也要格外注意,不要出错。
句子结构方面:一定要注意句子结构完整性,不要出现run-on句子,一个句子只能有一个动词,每加一个动词就要加一个连词,注意关系代词和副词的正确使用。非谓语动词使用时注意主被动关系。
修饰关系:动词和形容词一定要用副词修饰,这个至关重要,很多考生犯错误。
其他的小语法方面:主谓一致,序数词和计数词,代词和介词的使用正确性。
雅思写作步骤之四:语言包装
语言包装能够让语言生色不少,所以考前准备常见的语言包装技巧也相当重要。有很多方面都能提升自己的语言质量:比如长句扩充,短句融合,长短句结合,词汇多样性;强调句,倒装句,分词结构和插入语都是非常出色的语言,可以大大增加文章的可读性,也能够满足雅思写作的高分标准,即词汇的多样性和语法结构的多样性。
词汇多样性即准备常见的雅思写作中高频使用的表达法,比如重要、比较、破坏、进展、吸引等表达法。句型多样性上面也给大家举了一些例子,下面以分词为例,给大家做一个简单介绍如何准备语言包装技能。
假设考试会写两个很简单的主谓宾的句子,通过分词结构可以融合成一个长句,这个过程也是可以模块化的:A do1. A do2. 我们可以表达成doing1, A do2. 这样一个本来很短的两个句子融合在一起了,而且使用了复杂的分词句型,表达更具有可读性。例如I get up in the morning. I go to school happily. 可以转化成: getting up in the morning, I go to school happily. 如果要想再升一级,可以把分词作为插入语,即变成A, doing1, do2.更加增强语言质量。
雅思写作--零基础从仿写开始
众所周知,雅思写作一直都是广大烤鸭们较不擅长的一项。那么,在雅思写作中,如何找到一种行之有效的方式,是每一位文笔浅薄的雅思考生的头等大事。
雅思小编推荐大家一种行之有效的练习方法—模仿写作。模仿写作类似于、但不同于汉译英。模仿写作要求文章本身是原汁原味的英语文章,同时有比较地道的汉语翻译。
我们在训练的时候,先不要英语原文,而是看着翻译过来的汉语,先把它翻回英文。之后再和英语原文对照。有比较就有鉴别。
通过这种比较,我们就能够感觉出,同样一个意思,人家用那个词,那样的句型表达,为什么比自己写的好。这比单纯的背诵人家写好的雅思范文,或者自己埋头苦写,不去积累,效果要好很多。这个方法很简单,但对于提高雅思写作水平非常有效。
雅思写作中重要的构成因素,除了单词和语法以外,“思维”很重要。如果我们按照中国人的语言和文化习惯去写,写出来的文章西方人有时候是看不明白的。
虽然写作没有固定格式,以有效表意为核心要素。但不管一开始练习写作时我们的文章布局有多刻板,以后的行文有多自如,有一个原则是我们从始至终都应该把握的,就是自己说的观点,自己要提出论据来证明。
我给这种原则起了个名字,叫横竖原则。“横”是大家的观点,“竖”是证明观点的论据。论据要细节化,不要用一个观点去证明另一个观点,用一个抽象去解释另一个抽象。
雅思写作有没有必要背范文呢?你要有时间有精力背,我也不拦着你。熟读唐诗三百首,不会做诗也能吟。你要愿意多背些范文,对写作肯定有帮助。
可是,如果从投入产出上比较背诵范文和模仿写作,后者帮助提高的效果应该是更快些。因为后者比前者更有针对性。你能通过写完之后的比较,更好的发现自己写作中或思维上的问题。
关于练习雅思写作的素材,可以选择雅思满分范文从模仿写作练起。如果大家处于时间紧任务重的学习状态和考试压力下,建议大量阅读范文和模仿写作同步进行。
雅思写作地图题实例分析
雅思写作地图题大家总是遇到各式各样的问题,在练习地图题过程中很多同学都反映没有思路。不知道该从何入手,并且写完一部分内容不知道如何继续下一部分,该描述图中哪些有效信息。下面雅思小编为大家总结写作地图题的实例讲解。希望备考雅思同学从中借鉴。
第一个学生的写作:
A golf course and park is located in the west of this city, with a river to the south, crossing Branfield from the south-western corner to the north. To the east of the golf course and park is a railway, linking he north-western corner and the south-eastern corner of this city. Situated in the north of Brandfield, a housing estate covers an area between the river and the railway. There is a city center in the middle of this city,located to the south of the railway and divided by the river.It is noticeable that a road is sited between the golf course and park in the west and the city center in the middle,and it goes across the south-eastern corner of the housing estate,connecting the north-eastern corner of this city to the south of the city center and to the south of this city. S1 is located to the north of the city center and the railway, between the road and the river.
这个学生的作文主要问题是她上来不断地描述,而忘记了这个图的首要事情是描述S1 和S2. 这个学生的问题体现了中文和英文的思维差异。也是我们中国人在写PS,大学作业,EMAIL,工作报告,甚至口语交流中的一个普遍问题。
很多学生写信件一上来就是不写目的是什么,而是一大堆背景。而写普通图表就把图里的数据描述的细致入微,而忘记了主要信息的归纳。
这就是为什么很多学生在考场上写的很爽,但是分数很低。因为他们是self-centred, 而不是reader-friendly
下面一个学生也是这个问题,自己写得很勤奋,兢兢业业,但是读者昏昏欲睡
The hosuing estate located in the northern corner of this area with a huge golf course and park to the southwest. Situated in the middle of this area, the City centre is surrounded by two main roads and a railway from northwest to south while a river cross the centre from north to southwest. There is an industrial Estate on the southeastern corner of this area.
It should be noted that the S1 of the shopping mall is to the north of the city center and surrounded by the river, railway and the northern road. In contrast, the S2 located in the south of this city and to the left of the railway and the Industrial Estate.
很多同学遇到地图题很乱,为什么?因为他们太想描述所有的东西,而不知道从什么地方说起。《手把手》上说过,这个时候要一个一个地点描述,而这个我们上课的时候也强调。
譬如说s1:1 靠近housing areas,那里的人可以坐火车去 2 CITY centre 的人可以坐火车或者开车去, 3 靠近河 ,可能景色不错
S2:1 靠近CITY centre , 人们可以开车或者坐火车去,但是housing areas太远了 2 靠近工业区,有可能有污染和噪音
是不是这么一写,马上清楚了? 比大家在那里一个个说地点好?
下面这是我写的主体部分
S1 is possibly located in the north of Brandfield, lying next to one railway line and one road. This means that this supermarket can be assessed by those living in the residential block to the north and also by the shoppers from the city centre. Another advantage of this site is its proximity to the river that runs from north to south. People may enjoy a good view of the river when shopping.
Similar to S1, S2 is supported by the town’s transport infrastructure, in view of the fact that it is sited between the rainway and the road. The difference is that consumers from the housing area may have to travel a longer distance before reaching this site in the south-north corner. This suggested site is also close to the industrial estate on the eastern edge of the town and pollution is possibly a cause for concern.
当然,大家可以按照上课的办法写得简单点 (下面这一段是按照上课的分句合并法,而且文字信息不多,主要是平铺直叙,在考场上拿个7分也是可以的):
S1 is possibly located in the north of Brandfield, lying next to one railway line and one road. There is a housing area to the south and residents can travel by car or train to visit S1. This site is also accessible for those working or living in the city centre. A river runs across the town to the east of S1.
S2 is in the south-east of the town and close to the railway and the road. Although shoppers from the city centre can reach this site easily, the journey is long for those from the housing estate. To the east of S2 is the industrial zone.
雅思写作从框架到内容技巧
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