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托福阅读长难句不会分析?简化句子迅速把握大意
一.托福阅读长难句分析方法
对于难度较大的简单句,阅读的基本方法是确定句子的主、谓、宾,找出句子的主干,忽略其他的成分,将长句变成短句,将句型结构复杂的句子变成句型结构简单的句子。
二.托福阅读长难句实例解析
1.不定式及不定式短语做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语
例1.To hold people accountable for their actions is important.
中文译文:督促人们为自己的行为负责是十分重要的。
结构分析:不定式短语to hold people accountable for their action做主语。
2.动名词及动名词短语做主语、表语、宾语
例2. It involves probing for deeply rooted concerns, devising creative so lutions,and making trade-offs and compromises where interests are opposed.
中文译文:它涉及到探究深层次的关注,想出有创造性的解决方案,以及当利益矛盾时,做出交易和妥协。
结构分析:这是一个简单句。主语是it,谓语是involves,三个动名词短语做宾语(属于平行结构)。在阅读中经常出现“a and b”或“a or b”的形式,其中a与b同义或近义,所以只要认识其中一个词就能猜测出另一个词的大致意思。例如:trade-off and compromises。
3.后置定语
例3. The most common procedure for doing this is negotiation,the act of communication intended to reach agreement.
中文译文:做这件事最常用的方法是谈判,一种想要达成一致的交流的行为。
结构分析:The most common procedure for doing this是主语从句;过去分词短语intended to reach agreement是the act of communication的后置定语,the act of communication intended to reach agreement是negotiation的同位语,对negotiation进行解释。
托福阅读长难句:创造雅典民主
Cleisthenes' principal contribution to the creation of democracy at Athens was to complete the long process of weakening family and clan structures, especially among the aristocrats, and to set in their place locality-based corporations called demes, which became the point of entry for all civic and most religious life in Athens. (TPO40, 51)
democracy /dɪ'mɒkrəsɪ/ n. 民主,民主政治,民主制度
clan /klæn/ n. 宗族,家族;集团,帮会
aristocrat /'ærɪstəkræt/ n. 贵族
civic /'sɪvɪk/ adj. 城市的;市民的,公民的
分析:
这个句子的结构是:
Cleisthenes' principal contribution was 非谓语 and 非谓语
第一个非谓语:(to complete the long process of weakening family and clan structures)
第二个非谓语:(to set in their place locality-based corporations called demes)
修饰一:(to the creation of democracy at Athens),介词短语
中文:在雅典创造民主
修饰二:(to complete the long process of weakening family and clan structures) ,非谓语动词
中文:完成了减弱家族和宗族结构的长期过程
修饰三:(especially among the aristocrats) ,介词短语
中文:尤其是在贵族间
修饰四:(to set in their place locality-based corporations called demes) ,非谓语动词
中文:在他们所在地方设置基于地点的称之为demes团体
修饰五:(which became the point of entry for all civic and most religious life in Athens. ) ,从句
中文:这成为了雅典所有公民和大多数宗教生活的入口点。
参考翻译:
Cleisthenes对于创造雅典民主的主要贡献是他完成了减弱家族和宗族结构(尤其是贵族家族和宗族结构)的长期的过程,并且在他们所在地方设置基于地点的称之为demes团体,这成为了雅典所有公民和大多数宗教生活的入口点。
托福阅读长难句:热带地区土地面积
The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes——a fact that is not always evident when we examine commonly used projections of Earth's curved surface, since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudes——and some biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect. (TPO40, 55)
tropics n. 热带
projection n. 发射,投射;
exaggerate /ɪg'zædʒəreɪt/ v. 夸张,夸大
分析:
这个句子的主干就是一个并列结构,中间被一个破折号隔开了。
The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes and some biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect.
修饰一:(a fact) ,同位语
中文:一个事实
修饰二:(that is not always evident) ,从句
中文:不总是那么明显
修饰三:(when we examine commonly used projections of Earth's curved surface) ,从句
中文:当我们在仔细观察通常所用的地球曲面投影时
修饰四:(since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudes) ,从句
中文:因为这往往夸大了高纬度的土地面积
参考翻译:
热带比高纬度包含更大的的土地面积——当我们在仔细观察通常所用的地球曲面投影时,这一事实并不总是显而易见的,因为这往往夸大了高纬度的土地面积——并且一些生物地理学家认为多样性的差异反映了这一影响。
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