托福阅读题型中可能事实信息题很多同学都觉得比较简单。今天小编给大家带来了托福阅读事实信息题4条实用解题策略精讲,希望能够帮助到大家,下面小编就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。
托福阅读事实信息题4条实用解题策略精讲
托福阅读事实信息题解题策略:了解出题过程
托福阅读事实信息题既然是对文章具体内容出题,如果只是将内容摘抄然后出题意义不大。所以在出题时,对内容进行了一些处理。考生要明确“意群”和“同义替换”的概念,意群是指托福阅读中能够表达清楚一个完整内容的一句或几句话,这句话可以表达一个因果关系,或者能够讲清楚两个事物的一点对比,出题者首先在文章中抽出这样的一个意群;然后对其中的动词进行同义替换,使原句还是一样的意思,只是不能马上识别;接下来,出题者会将意群的一部分放在题干中,另外的部分放在选项中,再设计几个选项即完成出题。
托福阅读事实信息题解题策略:精准定位原文
定位是解决事实题的关键步骤,往往定位对了题也就容易做了,定位错了就会很纠结。定位大体可分为三种情况:(1)根据题干给出的段落进行大定位(2)根据题干中的关键词进行小定位(3)根据选项中的关键词进行定位。
托福阅读事实信息题解题策略:综合分析对比选项
理解定位后的原文,对比选项,找到符合原文大意的选项。这种同义替换的能力也是考生需要具备的,主要分为两种情况的同义替换:
第一种情况是将原文中关键词进行词汇的同义替换,这就包括同义、近义词的替换和同一词的不同词类的替换。比如OG The Origins of Cetaceans的第一题B选项中用conceal替换了原文的disguise。
第二种情况是改变了原文的句型。比如原文说Unable to finance road construction, states turned for help to private companies.在选项中则是The states were unable to build roads themselves financially.都是经济问题,意思并没有改变。
托福阅读事实信息题解题策略:快速排除干扰项
细节题中还是有不少陷阱的。比如我们经常讲一个选项如果大量使用原文原词,不用同义替换,那么该选项很有可能是错误的。又比如我们经常说一个选项要是说的过于绝对,往往也是错误的。在这里还有一种情况也需要广大考生注意,就是原文或选项的主语是指代词的,一定要把指代词还原成名词本身,因为往往指代的对象会张冠李戴,从而迷惑考生。比如托福官方真题Groundwater中的第四题where is groundwater usually found?很多同学会选择C选项,因为原文有they are found wherever fast rivers carrying…但是要注意原文they并不指代groundwater而是指代上一句主语this material。因此C选项恰恰是个陷阱。
托福阅读背景:你将在何时摆脱单身
Website uses an algorithm to predict when you will find The One (or whether you're destined to stay single).
有一个网站能利用某种算法来预测:你什么时候才能找到另一半(或者你注定只能单身一辈子了)。
It's a dilemma that many young couples will relate to - whether to stay in their relationship, settle down, or keep their options open by playing the field.
很多小情侣都面对着这样的两难抉择——到底是去领回红本本,让感情稳定下来,还是继续就这么处着,骑“驴”找“马”。
And now a new personality test claims to have found the answer, in the form of a complicated algorithm based on science, data, and a very detailed questionnaire.
如今,一种新的性格测试声称,它利用科学方法、各种数据和一个非常细化的问卷调查,推导出了一个复杂的算法——这个算法能帮你找到答案。
Nanaya.co was set up by Rashied Amini, a former NASA systems engineer from Saint Louis, Missouri, in a bid to prove to his then-girlfriend that they should stay together.
该网站(Nanaya.co)由来自密苏里州圣路易斯的莱士德·阿米尼创建,他曾是美国宇航局(NASA)的系统工程师。他建这个网站的最初目的,是为了向他当时的女友证明,他们应该继续待在一起。
Although the pair eventually went their separate ways, Rashied insists that his method can predict your chances of finding your soulmate, when you should settle down, and even how happy you will be in a future relationship.
虽然最终他们还是分手了,但莱士德坚持认为,他的方法能帮人们预测找到另一半的几率有多大、什么时候感情可以稳定下来,甚至还能预测你在未来的那段感情中会有多幸福。
The findings are based on a variety of factors, from your values, future goals and deal-breakers in a relationship, to your personal experiences of being single.
最终结果将由一系列的影响因素得来,包括你的价值观、未来目标、处理感情的方式以及你单身时的个人经历。
It also compares your responses to data from the 22,000 other users who have apparently already filled in the questionnaire, to make the results as accurate as possible.
你的问卷还将与另外2.2万个参与者的回答问卷进行比较,以便得到更精确的预测结果。
Rashied says the site is aimed at people in their 20s or 30s who are wondering whether they'd be happier being single or committing to a long-term relationship.
莱士德说,他的网站将20多岁和30多岁的人作为目标主体,想了解他们在单身时更快乐还是在恋爱时更快乐。
The 20-minute questionnaire covers everything from your friends and social life to your job, annual salary, and how many times a year you go travelling. It asks what you look for - and try to avoid - in a potential partner, whether that's their religion or dietary requirements.
回答一份调查问卷大概需要20分钟,其中的问题涵盖了生活的各方面,从你的朋友、社交生活,到你的工作、年薪,以及你一年有几次旅行。里面还问到你对另一半的要求是什么(加分项,减分项),与他们的宗教信仰、饮食习惯是否有关。
Broken up into four sections - you, your match, your life, and final questions - it requires more than 100 responses, including your favourite animal out of a cat, dog, shrimp and monkey.
问卷分为四个部分:你、你的另一半、你的生活和终极问题——共100多个问题,比如在猫、狗、虾和猴子这几个选项中,选出你最喜欢的动物。
But can an algorithm really predict your future happiness? T
但仅仅是一个算法而已,它真的能预测人们未来的幸福吗?
托福阅读背景知识:10-3-2-1-0睡眠公式
Finding peace and quiet in today’s 24-hour society can be tricky but a simple technique could help boost your productivity, it is claimed.
外媒称,在如今每日分秒必争的社会,寻找一份平静和安宁并不容易,但下面这份简单的科学配方却能帮你提高工作效率。
The 10-3-2-1-0 formula can help you sleep better, feel great in the morning and increase productivity at work, according to author and fitness coach Craig Ballantyne.
克雷格·巴伦坦是位作家兼健身教练。他表示,“10-3-2-1-0公式”有助于大家获得更佳的睡眠质量,在清晨起床时精神抖擞,并且大大提高工作效率。
He calls it the ‘Perfect Day’ formula and it’s all to do with giving yourself the best possible chance to start your day feeling well-rested and energetic.
巴伦坦称之为“完美日”公式,认为它能切实有效地让你在清晨感到睡眠充沛、元气满满,并以最好的状态迎接新的一天。
Switching off at the right time before you go to sleep is essential, with the formula encapsulating much of the advice given by a number of health expertsfor better sleep.
这个公式结合了多位健康专家的建议,致力于帮助人们提高睡眠质量。其核心思想便是:安排好睡前的时间分配。
The 10-3-2-1-0 formula
“10-3-2-1-0公式”
10 hours before bed: No more caffeine
睡前“10”小时内:不再摄入咖啡因;
3 hours before bed: No more food or alcohol
睡前“3”小时内:不再进食或饮酒;
2 hours before bed: No more work
睡前“2”小时内:不再工作;
1 hour before bed: No more screen time
睡前“1”小时内:不再看电脑、电视或手机;
0: The number of times you hit the snooze button in the morning
“0”次:保证你早晨闹钟一响就会起床——“0”拖延
“The single most important factor in winning your mornings and owning your days is to get up 15 minutes earlier and work on your No. 1 priority before anyone else is awake. It's that simple,” he explains.
他解释道:“一日之计在于晨,要想好好把握早晨时光,精神百倍地开始新的一天并不难,其关键就在于:提前15分钟起床,并在别人都还在睡觉的时候开始做一天中最重要的事。”
“When you follow this formula, you'll get more done and stop letting the big opportunities in your life slip away.”
“如果你认真遵循了这个公式,你将完成更多工作,而且不会再让人生中重要的机会从手中溜走。”
Tips for getting a better night’s sleep include sharing your bed with a pet, starting work at 10am and enjoying a warm cup of cocoa.
夜间睡眠质量高的小窍门还包括:与宠物同床共眠;早上十点开始工作;喝一杯热巧克力。
A different 4-7-8 technique, pioneered by Harvard-trained holistic health doctor Andrew Weil, could also be helpful for insomniacs.
致力于人体全面健康的安德鲁·维尔医生在哈佛接受过相关培训。他首创了“4-7-8方法”,这个方法或同样有助于治疗失眠症。
The 4-7-8 technique
“4-7-8方法”
- Breathe in through your nose quietly for a count of 4
用鼻缓慢吸气——持续4秒
- Hold your breath for a count of seven
屏住呼吸——持续7秒
- Blow air out through your mouth for a count of 8, making a 'whoosh' sound
用嘴巴吐气,发出“呼”的声音——持续8秒
- Repeat the process three more times
再重复这个过程三次
Why lack of sleep is bad for your health
为什么睡眠不足会有害健康
Regular poor sleep puts you at risk of serious medical conditions, including obesity, heart disease and diabetes – and it shortens your life expectancy.
经常性睡不好不仅会引发严重的身体疾病,例如肥胖症、心脏病、糖尿病等,而且会缩短人的寿命。
Most of us need around eight hours of good-quality sleep a night to function properly – but some need more and some less.
对大多数人来说,若维持人体正常机能,则需要每晚大约八个小时的优质睡眠,但不同的人会有一定差异。
As a general rule, if you wake up tired and spend the day longing for a chance to have a nap, it’s likely that you’re not getting enough sleep.
一般情况下,如果你醒来后感觉疲惫,而且在接下来的一整天中都想逮着机会眯一会儿,很有可能是你没有保证足够的睡眠。
If you seem to catch every cold and flu that’s going around, your bedtime could be to blame. Prolonged lack of sleep can disrupt your immune system, so you’re less able to fend off bugs.
如果你很容易就感冒发烧或感染风寒,可能是因为你的睡眠状况不够好。长时间的睡眠不足会破坏免疫系统,身体抵御病毒的能力就会因此下降。
Lack of sleep can also make you put on weight
睡眠不足还会使人长胖
Chronic sleep debt may lead to long-term mood disorders like depression and anxiety.
从长远来看,长期睡眠不足可能会引发抑郁症或焦虑症等情绪紊乱疾患。
Studies have suggested that people who usually sleep less than five hours a night have an increased risk of having or developing diabetes.
研究表明,晚上睡眠时间经常不足五个小时的人群患糖尿病的比例更大、几率更高。
Long-standing sleep deprivation seems to be associated with increased heart rate, an increase in blood pressure and higher levels of certain chemicals linked with inflammation, which may put extra strain on your heart.
长期缺乏睡眠有可能引发心率加快、血压升高等问题,还会增加体内某种引发炎症的化学物质的浓度,从而加重心脏负荷。
托福快速阅读有哪些方法
1一句话只看一遍
充分利用自己的语法知识,时刻把握句子主干,修饰成分要毫无感觉得快速浏览。在课后要经常进行长难句的不回视训练,重点把握句子主干。
2做分类标记
做标记除了大写字母、时间年代、最高级、转折标志词、因果标志词、列举、让步、强对比以外,还要标记出并列连接词(and,as well as, along with等等)、分号、冒号、表示作者态度的词。这里可以给出一些做标记的小窍门:标记符号不要只用一种(如下划线),也不要过多,最多三种,如括号、圆圈、下划线,分别标记原因、转折和其他。
3一定要详略取舍
a)让步分句(如:带although的分句、带it is true的分句、带do的分句等)一律跳过(用括号括起来),只看后半个分句;
b)such as后的内容一律跳过,也用括号括起来,不过我会数数列举的个数,如果是4个,则必出题,其他个数不用管,出题了再回头看;
c)for example举例只要提炼关键词的首字母就可以了,也要括起来,重点看后面或前面的结论。
d)原因——标志词常为Because、since——一律跳过,括起来,只看结果。比较容易被忽略的是result in和result from,遇到这两个,我在下面划横线做标记。
e)老观点只把握关键词、知道讲的是什么就行,其他一律跳过。
f)冒号后一律跳过,冒号下做标记。
g)分号后一律跳过,因为表示并列,内容和前面大体一致,分号做标记,出题的话再回来看。当这些内容都做标记后,文章结构就非常清楚了,哪儿是举例、哪儿是结论、哪儿是原因、哪儿是转折一目了然,定位非常容易。
托福阅读事实信息题4条实用解题策略精讲
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