托福考试改革两个月后, 高效备考托福阅读心得分享。今天小编给大家带来了高效备考托福阅读心得分享，希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
托福考试改革两个月后 高效备考托福阅读心得分享
托福阅读考试难度变化分析
托福考试改革后阅读部分算是变化比较大的一个科目。其中特别明显的一个改变就是阅读文章的段落长度有所增加，每一个段落里包含的信息更多，大家想要准确定位到题目涉及的内容越来越困难，那些曾经毫不费力就找到定位的题目一去不复返了。
所以从某种程度上来说，阅读的难度较之前是有上升趋势的，因为去掉的题目中有一半是可以做到秒选的词汇题，另外一部分是相对比较容易的事实题和其他题型。去掉的都是容易的，留下的都是难啃的题目，面临这样的新挑战，大家就需要调整备考策略，做到更有科学针对性地备考。
如何根据改革调整托福阅读备考计划?
1. 词汇方面依然不能放松
虽然词汇题减少了一半，在总题数中的相对占比量减少，但并不意味着词汇题不重要。词汇作为语言学习中最基础的敲门砖一定要扎实好。去掉的词汇题相对也容易一些，所以词汇题的备考必不可少。小站君在这里推荐两款备考神器：
a. 小站托福APP。里面的阅读部分有一个按题型练习，里面有699道词汇题，这些词汇题就是ETS官方模考套题TPO中的词汇题的汇总，但是这些词汇是在真题中会大量重复考的，大概占每场正式考试词汇题的一半甚至以上，所以克服词汇题的第一步就是先把这699词汇题完成，查缺补漏;
b. 小站每次考试前都会持续发布的词汇预测。这个是针对699的词汇进行的补充，这个预测词汇库是17年的词汇题的汇总，而根据这套词汇库汇总，大家可以发现2019年的考试，重复旧题最多的是2017的旧题，所以这个预测词汇库可以说是非常有针对性的备考素材。各位考托的同学可以充分利用起来。
2. 理解方面要注重段落的结构和信息的归纳
刚刚小编已经说过，托福考试改革之后，托福阅读的很多题目对应的段落都变得特别长。但题目方面大部分情况下却依然是一段出1-2道题，有些时候，很长的段落可能也就考一道题，而这种题目考综合事实性质的题型的概率比较高，所以对整体的段落结构和主要内容大家要有一个清晰的把握。比如下面这个段落：
Most amphibians do not exhibit parental care. This observation suggests that parental care has costs to the parents that may outweigh the enhanced survival of offspring. Reduced reproductive output is one cost of parental care. Species that exhibit parental care usually produce fewer eggs per clutch than related species that do not have parental care. Furthermore, time and energy spent on parental care may limit opportunities for additional matings. Another cost may be decreased food intake for the caring parent. Parents typically do not eat when they are guarding nests or eggs, and females that remain with their clutch produce fewer clutches overall than do females that do not remain with their clutch. Reduced rates of parental survival are another potential cost of parental care. Remaining with the eggs could increase an individual’s vulnerability to predation. Because most amphibians are small and have ineffective defenses against vertebrate predators, parental care could increase the risks of the parents’death and might not save their eggs or young.
这是一篇2016.11.13的原题，是一个相对比较新的真题库文章。这个段落就考了一个非常综合的事实题，具体题目如下：
According to paragraph 5, providing parental care is associated with which of the following?
A. More clutches produced per female
B. Less danger to parents from predators
C. More food needed by caregiving parents
D. Fewer eggs produced per clutch
针对这个题目，大家如果想要按照常规做法，通过关键词比如parental care去找定位，就会发现整段都在讲parental care，定位很难找。这个时候大家需要把整体的段落结构梳理一下，可能整段内容会看得更清楚一些，比如：
Most amphibians do not exhibit parental care. This observation suggests that parental care has costs to the parents that may outweigh the enhanced survival of offspring(论证parental care利大于弊). Reduced reproductive output is one cost of parental care.(第一个坏处：繁殖量减少) Species that exhibit parental care usually produce fewer eggs per clutch than related species that do not have parental care.(该句话是上一句话的展开) Furthermore, time and energy spent on parental care may limit opportunities for additional matings.(第2个坏处：限制了mating的机会) Another cost may be decreased food intake for the caring parent. (第3个坏处：吃的食物减少)Parents typically do not eat when they are guarding nests or eggs, and females that remain with their clutch produce fewer clutches overall than do females that do not remain with their clutch. (针对上面小观点的展开)Reduced rates of parental survival are another potential cost of parental care.(第4个坏处：减少parental存活率) Remaining with the eggs could increase an individual’s vulnerability to predation. Because most amphibians are small and have ineffective defenses against vertebrate predators, parental care could increase the risks of the parents’death and might not save their eggs or young.(针对第4个点的展开)
这样分析了段落之后，整体的结构就非常青楚了，然后再去对应选项会发现，A,B,C都跟原文的几个小观点反了，直接选D，对应上了第一个小观点。是不是这样答案一目了然多了。
3. 备考素材要与时俱进
托福官方模考套题TPO是一个相对比较老的备考素材了，TPO40之前的文章整体的难度都小于现在考试的难度，所以如果想利用TPO的话，难度相当的套题是TPO50及之后的文章，TPO40-49，有些难度也不大，不过可以作为补充背景知识的一个比较好的素材，因为里面的文章，话题比较广。
至于TPO40之前的，如果基础不是很好的同学，可以利用40之前的文章打基础。除了TPO，另外更有针对性的素材是预测题库，小站每次考试之前都会发预测题库，那里面的40篇文章可以作为一个重要的备考素材，另外就是大范围预测题库里面有147篇文章，这个题库中覆盖的话题更全面，对于长线备考的学生来说是个不错的素材，而且，这些经典题目的分析解读类资料也是比较多的。
总而言之，托福考试改革后阅读部分的改变并不仅仅是考试时间和题目数量，具体题型的变化以及文章结构段落长度的调整大家也需要赶快适应起来，在备考中提前做好应对措施，以确保能在之后的考试中取得理想的成绩。
托福考试阅读技巧：六大阅读策略
托福考试阅读技巧1：两分钟预读
花上两分钟的时间快速浏览文章的题目;掌握第一段的内容大义;阅读每一段的第一句话;阅读文章最后一段。这个能比较快地对文章的大体内容有个一定的了解。
托福考试阅读技巧2：利用题干关键词
先读题干，划出题干的关键词; 利用划出的关键词迅速找到对应的文章中的相应内容;通过阅读文章的相关内容回归题干找出正确选项(或者通过排除法来找出正确选项)。
托福考试阅读技巧3：快速阅读
因为托福阅读的篇幅很长，所以考生在进行阅读的时候要学会快速地阅读。最好能做到用余光来覆盖信息;从而了解每一段的大意和作者的用意，而不是一字一字地阅读每一个单词的含义。
托福考试阅读技巧4：利用上下文来猜测生词
考生要在备考时掌握托福考试的核心词汇、高频词汇。但是托福阅读的篇幅长，词汇量也比较大，考生在考试时难免会遇到生词。这个时候要学会利用上下文把生词融入到语境中进行理解。从而猜测生词的意思。
托福考试阅读技巧5：做出推论
考生们要学会定位找出文章的逻辑细节，也就是论据;然后利用各种结构指示词和文章的主题来判断这些细节的作用。
托福考试阅读技巧6：概述总结
仔细阅读文章的第一段，找出观点;了解文章的基本结构，注意文章是如何对观点进行展开的，通常是一个主要观点有3个中心点支持(一个段落一个中心点)，而每个段落的中心点又会有2-4个要点支持。
托福备考策略和技巧：巧用关键词
托福考试阅读部分一篇文章一般较长，所以一般是以段落为单位的。有时候可能会有学生说我做题的时候并不会去看整段啊，或者有学生说我看懂了哎，但题目就是没做对啊!其实我们在阅读一个段落时要学会使用方法，是什么方法可以帮助我们快速阅读呢?
要读懂一个段落我们只需要抓住几个关键词而已。那么关键词怎么抓呢?一是看逻辑信号词;二是读句子的时候一定牢记只看主干!下面我们就以托福TPO25中的文章The Decline of Venetian Shipping为例，说说如何巧抓关键词。
TPO25-2 The Decline of Venetian Shipping：
Paragraph 2 This decline can be seen clearly in the changes that affected Venetian shipping and trade. First， Venic’s intermediary functions in the Adriatic Sea， where it had dominated the business of shipping for other parties， were lost to direct trading. In the fifteenth century there was little problem recruiting sailors to row the galleys (large ships propelled by oars)： guilds (business associations) were required to provide rowers， and through a draft system free citizens served compulsorily when called for. In the early sixteenth century the shortage of rowers was not serious because the demand for galleys was limited by a move to round ships (round-hulled ships with more cargo space)， with required fewer rowers. But the shortage of crews proved to be a greater and greater problem， despite continuous appeal to Venic’s tradition of maritime greatness. Even though sailors’ wages doubled among the northern Italian cities from 1550 to 1590， this did not elicit an increased supply.
以上算得上是托福阅读中较长的段落了，在快速阅读这个段落的时候我们要找的关键词是：逻辑信号词—如段落中所标示的first， but， this… 我们不难发现这些信号词所在的句子基本都是解题的信息点。那么在做题定位时不妨多加留意。当然，抓住这些关键词并不难，难在理解。
接下来我们就来看看理解这些句子时的关键词。每段话的首句是必定要读的。This decline can be seen clearly in the changes that affected Venetian shipping and trade。这是包含了一个定语从句的复杂句。先看到核心词changes，再看到Venetian shipping and trade。这篇文章接下来具体要写的内容就展露无遗，也就是威尼斯船业和贸易的变迁。
First，这当然是开始写shipping的标志了。Venice’s intermediary functions in the Adriatic Sea， where it had dominated the business of shipping for other parties， were lost to direct trading. 我们一直强调句子要读主干，那么简单地看这个句子就是Venice’s functions were lost， 核心词很显然是lost，也对应了整篇文章的主题 decline. 接下来两句写到了15和16世纪遇到的船员难招的问题。…there was little problem recruiting sailors to row the galleys (large ships propelled by oars)： guilds (business associations) were required to provide rowers， and through a draft system free citizens served compulsorily when called for. 这句话中有冒号的出现，阅读冒号之前的内容there was little problem;到下一句：the shortage of rowers was not serious because the demand for galleys was limited by a move to round ships (round-hulled ships with more cargo space)， with required fewer rowers. 这句中要看到的核心是not serious;再往后看到But….to be a greater and greater problem. 到这里意思应该已经一目了然了，就是讲威尼斯船业在招聘船员方面所遭遇的变迁：little problem—not serious —greater problem.
刚才我们讲了文章阅读部分要抓关键词，其实我们在阅读题目和选项时也是需要寻找关键词的。有些题目的选项是比较长的，四个选项看上去也差不多一段话了，所以一定要抓住关键词判断才行，如否定词、比较词和并列词。这些是快速浏览选项的第一步。再次也要看到题干和每个选项中能让我们快速定位到原文的关键词。我们还是以托福TPO25为例：
TPO25-1 The Surface of Mars
Paragraph 5 As on the Moon， the extent of large impact cratering (i.e. craters too big to have been filled in by erosion since they were formed) serves as an age indicator for the Martian surface. Age estimates ranging from four billion years for Mars’s southern highlands to a few hundred million years in the youngest volcanic areas were obtained in this way。
According to paragraph 5， what have scientists been able to determine from studies of large impact cratering on Mars?
A. Some Martian volcanoes are much older than was once thought。
B. The age of Mars’s surface can vary from area to area。
C. Large impact craters are not reliable indicators of age in areas with high volcanic activity。
D. Some areas of the Martian surface appear to be older than they actually are。
划出选项中的关键词后，定位到原文迅速浏览发现原文中并无如A和D选项中的比较，C中的否定词not和原文是明显相矛盾的，故而选择B，而B选项对应的恰好是本段末句：Age estimates ranging from four billion years for Mars’s southern highlands to a few hundred million years in the youngest volcanic areas were obtained in this way。
根据以上分析，我们应该明白在阅读之时何为关键词。简单地讲有定位关键词和判断关键词。定位关键词包括题干及选项中的名词，还有就是段落中那些一直向你示好的逻辑信号词了，不要忘记用它们找到你解题需要的信息。判断关键词是选项中那些有特色的词汇，包括否定词，比较词或者是句子主干中的动词等，根据这些词和原文进行对应，至少有一半的选项可以迅速被排除。
托福备考经验：选择题细节
Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, a low land, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington, is now the most common. The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country, it is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River。
According to paragraph 1，which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound?
A. It is native to lowlands and marshes。
B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer。
C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie。
D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied。
这是一个典型的细节题，在该题题干中，有的考生会选择Puget Sound作为枢纽词回原文定位，由于它是专有名词，在文中会比较显眼。但是假如一旦选择了这个地名，势必会定位在该段的第一句话，托福细节题往往是定位在哪句就在哪句找谜底，这样的话考生是选不出准确谜底的，由于定位不精确。实在准确的枢纽词应该是white-tailed deer，这个用连字符连接的词在文章中也是比较醒目的，按该词定位应是该段最后一句话。所以根据它的意思应该选D项。其中A项与原句意思不符，B和C都与定位句信息无关。
我们再来看另外一个否定事实细节题的例子：
Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly, and their structure depends on the particular history of the area. Ecologists use the term "succession" to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community, while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes—in plant numbers and the mix of species—are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years。
According to paragraph 1， which of the following is NOT true of climax communities?
A. They occur at the end of a succession。
B. They last longer than any other type of community。
C. The numbers of plants in them and the mix of species do not change
D. They remain stable for at least 500 years at a time。
这个题大家都会选择用climax communities去定位，但在定位过程中会泛起良多题目。首先考生要学会跳跃式定位，即根据文章中特殊的标点符号以及最醒目的词来搜索我们真正需要的枢纽词。文中的particular是加了暗影的，succession是在引号里面的，都非常醒目，通过看这两个词我们会发现它们四周没有我们需要的东西;再比较凸起的就是数字及破折号，在500的上方有a climax community，但它是单数，与题干枢纽词不完全匹配，细节题讲究的是精确定位，所以我们应该选择500斜下方的Climax communities，即该段的最后一句话。
否定事实细节题的出题思路有两种：一是无中生有，四个选项只有一个没有提到，这种思路多合用于选项比较简短的标题题目;二是张冠李戴，即根据定位点的内容表述，只有一个选项与之矛盾，这种思路多适应于选项比较长的标题题目。就这个例题而言，根据定位的最后一句话，从表述上来保存后关闭说跟它相关的只有C和D两个选项，D项的意思与原句相符，而C项与原句矛盾，所以准确谜底是C。
