托福阅读提升整体理解这5类逻辑信号词

想要快速理解托福阅读的文章，考生需要学会把握文章句子和段落之间存在的各类逻辑关系。今天小编给大家带来了托福阅读提升整体理解这5类逻辑信号词。希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

托福阅读提升整体理解这5类逻辑信号词不可不知

1.显示相同信息的信号词

There has been an upsurge of interest in chamber music. Likewise opera is receiving a boost from increased record sales.

“likewise”这一信号词显示了前面所提到的idea后面还要再一次出现。因此，阅读时见到这样的信号词无须放慢阅读速度。这样的信号词还包括：

and, furthermore, more, than, that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example

2.显示思路转折的信号词

I'd like to go but I'm too busy.

“but”前后是完全不同的信息描述，它向读者显示了作者的思路在这里有了转折。阅读时，碰到这样的信号词我们需放慢阅读速度，以准确获取作者真正想要说明的意思。这类信号词还有：

although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, otherwise, despite, nevertheless, yet

3.显示因果关系的信号词

As a result of the pilots'strike, all flights have had to be cancelled.

All flights have had to be cancelled as a result of the pilots'strike.

所有航班被取消的原因是因为飞行员们的罢工;飞行员们的罢工导致了所有的航班不得不被取消。显示因果关系的信号词还有：

for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently

4.显示顺序的信号词

Internet speeds communication between companies, among co-workers through video-conferences, and among other individuals. First, media companies use the Internet for online news, or to broadcast audio and video, including live radio and television programs, while individuals use the Internet for communication, entertainment, finding information, buying and selling goods and services. Second,the notion of distance disappears thanks to the Internet. People also enjoy instant messaging to exchange text messages or pictures in real time, with real-time video and sound. Finally, scientists and scholars use the Internet to perform research, distribute lecture notes or course materials to students, they communicate with colleagues, and can also publish papers and articles.

抓住了这样的信号词就把握住了作者叙述的顺序，也就分清了相对独立的论据。这样的信号词包括：

first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next, last, afterward, finally

5.表示结论/总结的信号词

In conclusion, I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.

词组“in conclusion”前面所提到的一些信息将在这里被归纳总结。读到带有这样的信号词或短语的句子时，应格外留心注意，它们往往会向我们提示相关段落的核心信息。表示结论或总结的信号词和短语还有：

as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word

以上就是托福阅读中用来判断句子段落逻辑关系的5大类信号词汇总，希望大家能够对这些常见词汇有所了解，提升对托福阅读文章的理解速度和掌握深度。

新托福阅读解析:The Origin And Rise of Modern Birds

学科分类：生物类

题目：The Origin And Rise of Modern Birds

内容回忆：

第1段：指出all bird groups are classified as Neornithes, 科学家使用K-T extinction作为新旧鸟类的dividing line.

第2段：传统认为modern birds 起源于cenozoic。

第3段：指出有新的研究利用 molecule time estimation得出modern birds实际上起源于Cretaceous.

第4段：指出尽管 molecule time estimation是根源于gene sequence，但是不能解释导致mass extinction产生的evolution process.

托福阅读长难句分析:忍受苦难

【句】

Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. ----The Declaration of Independence

【词】

prudence= n.审慎

dictate= v.口述;规定

transient= a.短暂的

accordingly= ad.因此

disposed= a.愿意的;倾向的

sufferable= a.可容忍的

right= v.纠正;恢复

abolish= v.废除

accustomed= a.习惯的

【主干】

Prudence will dictate that + 宾语从句1

【宾语从句1主干】

governments should not be changed; and accordingly all experience hath shown that+宾语从句2

【宾语从句2主干】

mankind are more disposed to suffer than to right themselves

【成分分析】

long established 定语，修饰governments

for light and transient causes 状语

, while evils are sufferable, 插入语

by abolishing the forms 状语

to which they are accustomed.定语，修饰forms

【译】

若真要审慎的来说，成立多年的政府是不应当由于无关紧要的和一时的原因而予以更换的。过去的一切经验都说明，任何苦难，只要尚能忍受，人类还是情愿忍受，也不想为申冤而废除他们久已习惯了的政府形式。

托福阅读长难句分析:技术变革的作用

In most established industries, however, technological change played little role, as in the past, new customers were sought by developing novel products based on existing technologies, such as a new type of woolen cloth with the texture of silk. ——TOEFL, Early Modern Industrialization

看到novel，大部分童鞋首先想到“小说”，但在这语境里，则明显说不通了~(ノへ￣、)

原来在字典里，novel还可以做形容词，表示“新颖的，新奇的”.

来看英文释义：

Novel things are new and different from anything that has been done, experienced, or made before.

回到刚才的句子，novel products就是指“新奇的产品”。

整个句子的意思就是：

然而，在大多数成熟行业中，技术变革发挥的作用不大，因为在过去，可以通过开发以现有技术为基础的新型产品获得新客户，如新型丝绸质地的羊毛布。

新托福阅读题目解析

考题1 　　The phrase "this respect" in the passage refers to 　　A. enormous variations 　　B. being smaller 　　C. number of inhabitants 　　D. shared characteristics 　　解析： 　　难点一，很多考生误以为这是词汇题，而词汇题的通常问法是：The word/phrase "…" is closest in meaning to。这道题题干中的“refers to”表明这是代词指代题，需要读懂句子找清前后指代关系; 　　难点二，很多人不知道respect有名词用法，=aspect，表“方面”; 　　难点三，回到原文读考句，读不懂。该句为： One may call them towns because even though they varied enormously in numbers of inhabitants, and some were smaller than large villages in this respect, they shared certain characteristics that set them off from rural settlements. 表明从居民数量的方面来看，一些城镇比大村庄的居民数量还少，但它们仍然是城镇，共享着区别于村庄的某些特征。所以此题正确答案是C。 　　考题2 　　Because what distinguished towns from villages was not so much size as the density of economic and social activities, one writer has argued that an important criterion for town is the existence of traffic jams—the hustle and bustle of oxcarts, long lines of wagons bringing fruits and vegetables, raw materials, and finished goods to markets, and the parade of men and women coming to shop, visit, or attend meetings. 　　解析： 　　这是句子简化题所在考句，考点在于“not so much A…as B”句式真正意义的考查。在这里，否定A，而肯定B。即城镇区别于村庄的特征并不是其规模大小，而是其经济活动和社会活动的密集度。同样的句式表达还有less A than B。反过来，more A than B，就是肯定A而否定B了。这一考点在同一篇文章中又再次考到，看下题。 　　考题3 　　考句：In southern Europe there was more continuity from earlier settlement patterns. Growth came less from the creation of new towns than from the flow of immigrants to old settlements. 　　It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that urban growth in southern Europe was marked by 　　A. more people in a greater number of towns 　　B. more people in the same number of towns 　　C. development of new settlement patterns 　　D. movement of people into newly created towns 　　解析： 　　第一句话“In southern Europe there was more continuity from earlier settlement patterns.”属于抽象语言，对抽象语言的理解，一靠大量阅读的积淀，二靠向下文寻找具体对应。此句中的抽象概念“more continuity from earlier settlement patterns”，具体对应到下句的“the flow of immigrants to old settlements”。因为“less A than B”中，A是否定内容，B才是作者重点叙述的肯定内容。 　　所以综合两句信息来看，南欧地区城镇的增长是来自于移民涌入原有的老的定居点，而不是去建造新的定居点/新城镇。所以正确答案选B。