托福阅读找逻辑提升词秒解句子插入题技巧实例精讲

句子插入题如何通过逻辑关键词来解答呢?今天给大家带来了托福阅读找逻辑提升词秒解句子插入题技巧实例精,希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

托福阅读找逻辑提升词秒解句子插入题技巧实例精讲

托福 阅读句子插入题简介

句子插入题是考察句子与句子关系的题目。句子之间连接常见的线索有四项：指代、连接性副词、句子打头的并列连词FANBOYS(for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)，以及观点与事实。其中前三项是可见线索，最后一项是不可见线索。这里主要介绍连接性的副词。

托福阅读常见逻辑关系词汇罗列

并列 递进：Besides, In addition, in fact , indeed, also…

转折：however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, instead…

因果：thus, hence, therefore, consequently, accordingly…

目的：to do不定式短语做状语

解释：That is (to say)…, In other words…, To put it in another way…

举例：for example/instance

句间连接性副词有以上这些常考的逻辑关系。

实例讲解托福阅读插入题的逻辑关系词运用

Paragraph 1: The city of Teotihuacán, which lay about 50 kilometers northeast of modern-day Mexico City, began its growth by 200-100 B.C. At its height, between about A.D. 150 and 700, it probably had a population of more than 125,000 people and covered at least 20 square kilometers. A. █ It had over 2,000 apartment complexes, a great market, a large number of industrial workshops, an administrative center, a number of massive religious edifices, and a regular grid pattern of streets and buildings. B. █ Clearly, much planning and central control were involve d in the expansion and ordering of this great metropolis. C. █ Moreover, the city had economic and perhaps religious contacts with most parts of Mesoamerica (modern Central America and Mexico). D. █

In fact, artifacts and pottery from Teotihuacán have been discovered in sites as far away as the Mayan lowlands, the Guatemalan highlands, northern Mexico, and the Gulf Coast of Mexico.

我们要考虑什么地方能把两句话之间联系在一起。当你看到in fact的时候，大家来猜想句与句之间是什么逻辑关系呢?在英文中，in fact前后其实是并列、递进的关系，并不像我们中文中“事实上”是前后的转折。在托福阅读中，有in fact的地方，其实都是一个并列、递进的关系。

也就是，前后两句的意思基本上是取同的。如果你认为in fact的前后不一样，你会发现再也找不到答案了。这个真的不是开玩笑。在整个官方真题Official中我们能找到6、7道题由in fact开头的句子插入题。明确了句间的关系，我们进一步来看这句话具体的内容。它说，事实上来自Teotihuacán的陶器和工艺品能够在很远的地方被发现，然后是地点的举例。在阅读中，我们碰到并列的内容求同不求异，所以后面打包处理为很远的地方。

这些陶器和艺术品能够在别的地方被发现意味着什么呢?意味着它跟别的地方应该是有联系的。那么我们来一一判断每个空前有没有提到它跟别的地方是有联系的。

读完可以发现，A、B、C三个选项前面都没有讲到它跟别的地方的联系。再看D选项，它说这个城市或许有和中美洲的经济和宗教的联系，这里才出现联系。所以唯一能够跟前面匹配起来的就是D选项。前面说这个地方跟别地方有宗教和经济的联系，之后举个事实来支持它的工艺品能够在别的地方被发现，说明它果然有联系，所以用in fact来支持前面的观点。

在考虑句与句之间的关系的时候，一定要去注意这些表示句间逻辑关系的词，这些就体现了作者讲话的意图。

托福阅读材料练习：爱走神的孩子更聪明

Children whose minds wander might have sharper brains, research suggests.

A study has found that people who appear to be constantly distracted have more “working memory”, giving them the ability to hold a lot of information in their heads and manipulate it mentally.

Children at school need this type of memory on a daily basis for a variety of tasks, such as following teachers’ instructions or remembering dictated sentences.

During the study, volunteers were asked to perform one of two simple tasks during which researchers checked to ask if the participants’ minds were wandering.

At the end, participants measured their working memory capacity by their ability to remember a series of letters interspersed with simple maths questions.

Daniel Levinson, a psychologist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in the United States, said that those with higher working memory capacity reported “more mind wandering during these simple tasks”, but their performance did not suffer.

The results, published online in the journal Psychological Science, appear to confirm previous research that found working memory allows humans to juggle multiple thoughts simultaneously.

Dr Jonathan Smallwood, of the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Science in Leipzig, Germany, said: “What this study seems to suggest is that, when circumstances for the task aren’t very difficult, people who have additional working memory resources deploy them to think about things other than what they’re doing.”

Working memory capacity is also associated with general measures of intelligence, such as reading comprehension and IQ scores, and also offers a window into the widespread, but not well understood, realm of internally driven thoughts.

Dr Smallwood added: “Our results suggest the sorts of planning that people do quite often in daily life — when they are on the bus, when they are cycling to work, when they are in the shower — are probably supported by working memory.

“Their brains are trying to allocate resources to the most pressing problems.”

(Read by Emily Cheng. Emily Cheng is a journalist at the China Daily Website.)

托福阅读材料练习：性格决定外表

If you exhibit positive traits such as honesty and helpfulness, the chances are that you will be perceived as a good looking person, for a new study has found that the perception of physical attractiveness is influenced by a person's personality.

The study, led by Gary W. Lewandowski, Jr, found that people who exhibit negative traits, such as unfairness and rudeness, appear to be less physically attractive to observers.

In the study, the participants viewed photographs of opposite-sex individuals and rated them for attractiveness before and after being provided with information on personality traits.

After personality information was received, participants also rated the desirability of each individual as a friend and as a dating partner.

Information on personality was found to significantly alter perceived desirability, showing that cognitive processes modify judgments of attractiveness.

"Perceiving a person as having a desirable personality makes the person more suitable in general as a close relationship partner of any kind," said Lewandowski.

The findings show that a positive personality leads to greater desirability as a friend, which leads to greater desirability as a romantic partner and, ultimately, to being viewed as more physically attractive.

The findings remained consistent regardless of how "attractive" the individual was initially perceived to be, or of the participants' current relationship status or commitment level with a partner.

What would you think of this lady's physical attractiveness if she exhibited bad personal traits?

"This research provides a more positive alternative by reminding people that personality goes a long way toward determining your attractiveness; it can even change people's impressions of how good looking you are," said Lewandowski.

托福阅读材料译文

如果你表现出诚实和乐于助人等美好品质，那么别人会觉得你的外表也很迷人。一项最新研究发现，一个人的性格会影响别人对他或她的外表吸引力的看法。

该项由盖里 W 勒万多 维斯基负责的研究发现，人们认为，表现出不诚实和粗鲁等恶劣品质的人外表也不够吸引人。

研究对象首先观看了一组异性的照片，随后分别在得知照片中人物的性格特点之前和之后给他们的外表评分。

研究对象在得知照片中人物的性格特点后，还对与其中每个人交朋友或做恋人的期望值进行了评分。

研究人员发现，有关人物性格特点的信息大大改变了之前的喜好度评分，研究对象的认知过程改变了他们对照片中人物外表的评价。

勒万多 维斯基说：“总的来说，如果人们认为一个人的性格较好，那么他们会觉得无论与这个人做朋友还是做恋人都更合适。”

研究结果表明，人们更期望与性格较好的人交朋友、成为恋人，从而会认为他们的外表更迷人。

无论照片中人物给人的“第一印象”怎样、或者研究对象目前的情感关系状况以及与伴侣的亲密程度如何，研究结果都是一致的。

托福阅读中的重要语法

一.级及绝对性词汇

文章中若出现 must ， all ， only ， anyone ， always ， never 等绝对性词汇或 first ， most beautiful 等级词汇，往往是考题要点，一般出“细节性题目”。这是因为它们都有一个共同的特点，那就是概念绝对 ， 答案 ，无论是出题还是做题，不会产出歧义和疑问，因此很容易出题，答案绝对正确。

相反地，如果文章中出现相对性的词汇、例如 Some of the people chose red hats,some chose green hats,and others blue ones. 其中 some 为相对性词汇，如果我们出这样一道题： What color hats did some people choose? 那么就没有正确的答案，因为有可能为 red,green 或 blue ，给评卷带来困难。

二.同位语及插入语

文章中带有由 that is ，i.e. ，or 等词汇引导的名词词组，放在一个名词后面，为同位语;插入语是指副词、不定式、分词、从句等结构故在句首，句中或句尾，不做句子成分，但修饰整个句子、表 达作者感情的语法结构。 这些用逗号隔开的持殊结构往往也是考查的重点，一般会出“细节性题目”。

三.因果句

句中若有如下结构或词汇的称为因果句：

(1) 因果连词：because，since，for，as，therefore，so，consequently 等

(2)表示因果的动词：cause ，result in ，originate from 等;

(3) 表示因果的名词： base, basis, result,consequence 等，这些因果句都是指明某两个事件之间因果关系的，尤为出题者所青陈。因为通过出题可以考查文中两个事件内在的因果关系。此种句型一般出“推断性问题”。

四.段落句

文章各段第一句( 段首句 )和末段员后一句( 文尾句 )都是十分重要的地方，往往是文章作者表达中思想，进行总结综述的地方，因此常出(1)主题性问题，(2)细节性问题(3)结构性问题。

五.特殊标点

有一些特殊标点的含义也属于考查范围，它们是：

(1) 破折号，表示解释。考细节性问题;

(2) 括号，表示解释。考细节性问题;

(3) 冒号，一股同上，有时冒号也表示列举，则考“ EXCEPT ”题目;

(4) 引号。表示引用，考细节性问题：

(5) 惊叹号，表示作者感情，考态度性问题。

六.列举和并列句

列举指的是： First,... Second,... Third,...等逐条列出。并列句是指：A ，B and C，即逐项列出。它们共同的特征是列出二点或三点以上的条目。该类型语言点常考的题型是“细节性问题”，主要有两种：

1. Which 题型

该题型只要求从并列的三顶中选一项作为答案，其它条目与题目无关。在这种情况下，往往题目的答案出自最后一个选项。

2 . EXCEPT 题型

该题型俗称“三缺一”题型，即题目 4 个选项中有三个符合文章内容，剩下一个不符合，题目便是要求选出这个不符合文章内容的选项。例如： All of the following are mentioned as types of evidence concerning handedness EXCEPT ??? 这种题型只适合于考并列、列举句，这是因为它要求其三个选项一定是文章中出现的，也就是并列或列举之处。利用这一特点。我们在读文章的时候就可多留意，如 看到并列、列举句，可预想其有可能被考到;如发现题目中有“三缺一”题型，则应到并列、列举处找答案。

七.否定及转折句

否定句是指带有 NO 或 NOT ， NEVER 等否定词的句子，而转折句则指带有 HOWEVER ， BUT 或RATHER 等关联词引导的句子，它们可以用下面的句型说明： A is not B ， as C ， but is D 。对于以上的句型常出“推断性问题”。

八.举例句

句中由 as 或 such as ， for example 等引导的短语或句子为举例句，常考“推断性问题”和“细节性问题”。上面句型中的 as C 为插入的举例句。

九.数字与年代

文中的数字、年代、日期等常常是出题者注意的考题点，如 1996 年 10 月第 48 题。

十.比较级及比喻

如果文中含有 more than 或 as... as ...，like ( a fly )等句型，则为比较级或比喻句结构，往往也是考题点，一般出“推断性题目”。