托福阅读高分必须跨过这3道难关,汇总指点常见问题应对技巧?今天给大家带来了托福阅读高分必须跨过这3道难关,希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
托福阅读高分必须跨过这3道难关 汇总指点常见问题应对技巧
托福 阅读备考先过词汇关
托福考试 中词汇是比较重要的考点，而阅读则是考察词汇量的主要部分之一，因此考生想要做好阅读，首先就需要解决词汇问题，特别是在考试中遇到生词时的应对技巧。托福阅读中的文章很多都是从一些原版刊物上选取改编而成的，因此文章涉及到的话题范围也相当之广，科学文化、自然科技、历史艺术、天文地理等等无所不包。而这就会造成文章中常会出现各类大家在背托福单词时也没有接触过的生词。因此，考生首先要有在托福阅读中遭遇生词“偷袭”的心理准备。有些同学做阅读遇到生词就会产生恐慌心理影响发挥，这其实是完全没有必要的，应对生词完全可以通过采用这些方法来进行合理应对不影响做题：
1. 如果生词本身是属于专业性的词汇，那么这些词汇出现的目标就并不是为了考察大家的词汇量，而是检查考生应对生词的应变能力。而且这些生词本身也常会成为出题点，考生只要围绕这类词汇多加留意就会发现不少用于理解生词和解答题目的线索。
2. 其次，生词常会附带有解释说明，有时候紧跟在词汇之后以同位语形式出现，有时候则会给出线索让大家结合上下文得出解释。托福考试阅读的大部分生词都是以这种形式存在的，大家如果不认识这类词汇，直接在词汇周围其实就能找到解答，不用担心会出现不认识生词就做不了题的情况。
托福阅读如何通过限时难关?
除了生词问题外，考生在做托福阅读时还有一个比较容易遇到的问题就是时间限制。大家都知道托福考试的时间限制是比较严格的，阅读部分也是如此，考生假如在备考中没有专门做过限时方面的训练，实战中发现做题时间不够用也就很正常了。面对时间不够用的情况，小编建议大家具体情况具体分析，到底是阅读速度太慢还是解题效率偏低，找到耗时太多的原因之后再进行一些针对性的训练来解决问题。另外，如果时间问题真的很严重，甚至到了会影响整体答题节奏的地步，那么大家也不妨考虑对于某些明显会消耗很多时间的阅读题目采取直接猜答案跳过的方法来进行应对。虽然放弃一道题目有点可惜，但如果能够因此而获得更多时间做对更多后面的题目，小编认为这种牺牲其实也是完全值得的，毕竟有舍才能有得。
托福阅读怎样攻克理解难关?
最后要说的就是托福阅读中出现的看不懂文章的情况。文章看得太快，或者看到后面忘了前面都会造成文章看不懂的问题。而降低速度又可能导致时间不够用。可能大家会因此觉得不知道如何平衡两者之间的关系。小编的建议是考生自己通过多做题来尝试找到速度和理解力之间的平衡点。如果出现看不懂的情况就适当放慢速度，能看懂了再稍微提个速，反复测试之下应该很快就能找到最适合自己的阅读速度，既能保证读文章的效率又不会影响对文章的理解。这样一来问题就得到解决了。
托福阅读提分的三大步骤
第一，掌握词汇
在托福考试的备考过程中，词汇是至关重要的，每一道题都和单词息息相关。背单词的根本捷径就是要坚持。首先选择一本乱序的托福词汇书，按计划每天背诵一百个左右，这一百个单词可以分三组来背，早上三十，中午三十，下午三十。记住背完单词之后，当天晚上一定要进行复习和检查，检查的方式可以是英译中，中译英或者听译，整理出没有记住的单词，第二天早晨复习。然后集中刷托福的词汇题，一天刷50题左右，在刷题的过程中积累核心词汇。
第二，熟悉背景知识
很多学生在练习的过程中会遇到内容太陌生的文章，以至于很难投入做题。比如TPO里面有一篇文章讲到化学元素周期表，部分学生觉得读起来很费劲，然而化学专业的学生做起来很爽。托福阅读内容的难度是国外大学程度的学术类文章的难度。所以学生在复习备考的过程中，如果时间充足的话，可以对托福阅读所涉及的背景知识多一些了解，扩大知识面，比如读一些 The Economist 的文章。如果时间比较紧张，建议就拿TPO就可以了，通过做TPO了解相关背景知识。做完一篇文章后，还要整体地总结一下文章大意和思路，总结出每一段的段落大意。
第三，运用解题技巧
托福阅读考试一共有十种题型，词汇题，句子简化题，指代题和句子插入题是对核心词汇，句子核心意思和段内结构的考察;细节题，推断题，否定信息题和修辞目的题是对文章细节的考察;六选三和表格题是对文章的分析和总结。
1. 细节题要注意利用关键词定位，关键词选择数字，人名地名和专有名词。找到关键词所在的句子，和选项进行核对的时候注意同义替换，比如：
Paragraph 1: It should be obvious that cetaceans-whales, porpoises, and dolphins-are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals.
In paragraph 1, what does the author say about the presence of a blowhole in cetaceans?
A. It clearly indicates that cetaceans are mammals.
B. It cannot conceal the fact that cetaceans are mammals.
C. It is the main difference between cetaceans and land-dwelling mammals.
D. It cannot yield clues about the origins of cetaceans.
根据关键词blowhole定位到 and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals，核对选项，conceal 和disguise 同义替换。
2. 句子简化题要求正确选项能够准确表达原句的核心意思，保证逻辑关系不变 (因果，转折，对比，比较，并列)，主体不变和修饰不变。我们可以先从逻辑关系入手，排除一些选项，比如：
The Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas that were fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democrats dominated areas of semisubstence farming that were more isolated and languishing economically.
A Whigs were able to attract support only in the wealthiest parts of the country because Democrates dominated in other areas.
B Whig and Democratic areas of influence were naturally split between urban and rural areas, respectively.
C The semisubsistence farming areas dominated by Democrats became increasingly isolated by the Whigs' control of the market economy .
D The Democrats' power was greatest in poor areas while the Whigs were strongest in those areas where the market was already fully opening.
原句的“whereas”表示对比，与之相一致的只有D选项的“while”。
托福阅读素材练习：圆顶的小屋
内容回忆：
文章讲了冰屋的一些特点，包括怎么建造的。然后一段时间屋顶化了就要打开门 refreeze。冰屋是锥形的，不是半球，因为半球不好建，需要 support。
参考阅读：
An igloo (Inuit language: iglu,[1] Inuktitut syllabics ᐃᒡᓗ [iɣˈlu] (plural: igluit ᐃᒡᓗᐃᑦ [iɣluˈit])), also known as a snow house or snow hut, is a type of shelter built of snow, typically built when the snow can be easily compacted.
Although igloos are stereotypically associated with all Inuit,[2] they were traditionally associated with people of Canada's Central Arctic and Greenland's Thule area. Other Inuit people tended to use snow to insulate their houses, which were constructed from whalebone and hides. Snow is used because the air pockets trapped in it make it an insulator. On the outside, temperatures may be as low as -45 ° C (-49 ° F), but on the inside the temperature may range from -7 ° C (19 ° F) to 16 ° C (61 ° F) when warmed by body heat alone.
Snow igloos are built in the shape of a catenoid, which offers optimal ratios between the height and diameter of the structure to eliminate the structural tension which could otherwise cause it to implode or bulge. The stresses of snow as it ages and compresses against the igloo will not cause it to buckle because in an inverted paraboloid or catenoid the pressures are exclusively compressive.[10]
This design originates from the Central Inuit.[10] In applied mechanics, the equation for this type of structure is written y = a(cosh x/a- 1) where y is the height to any point in the surface, x is the horizontal distance to the same point, and a is a constant.[10]
Since stress is a force per unit area, if the walls are of uniform thickness the compressive stress is independent of wall thickness; thicker walls provide better insulation but do not strengthen the structure because of added weight.[12]
托福阅读材料练习：手指的感应
whether you're a hunt-and-peck typist or a rachmaninoff of the keyboard, you will make mistakes. but it's not just your eyes catching typos when you see them on the screen. your hands know when you mess up too. that’s according to a study in the journal science. [gordon logan and matthew crump, "cognitive illusions of authorship reveal hierarchical error detection in skilled typists"]
researchers recruited expert typists—college students, of course—and showed them 600 five-letter words, one at a time. and they asked the students to type those words as quickly and accurately as possible. but sometimes, the researchers inserted typos in the word as it appeared on screen, when the students hadn’t made one. other times they automatically corrected typos the students did make.
and the students tended to believe the screen. so if a typo had been added, they figured they must have messed up. if a typo had been corrected they thought they typed it right. but the hands didn't fall for it. when the fingers slipped up, they paused a split second longer than usual before typing the next letter. but they didn't pause when fake typos appeared on-screen only. so we apparently have two discrete mechanisms guarding against typing errors, one visual, the other tactile. to fox quick brown fixes. to fix quick brown foxes.
托福阅读中的高频词汇
遗迹，遗迹或残骸，陵墓，手工艺品，凝聚性，领土的，文明
关键副词，这类词往往很不显眼，但是会左右整个句子的含义，他们是最需要加以注意的对象。一些看起来含有否定前缀的词可能是肯定含义，而一些完全没有否定词缀的副词却可能是真正的杀手!
例如：anthropologist，archaeologist，paleontologist，zoologist，geographer，astronomer
(人类学家，考古学家，古生物学家，动物学家，地理学家，天文学家)
这类的词汇大家无需记住拼写，只要在阅读中出现可以辨认就足以。在面对未知的专有名词时，至少要判断他们存在于那个学科，才好进行下一步的推理。
地质、地貌：这类文章在托福学术阅读中比重很大。建议大家对常用词汇进行积累。
例如：volcano，layer，conglomerate，karst，porous，permeable，meteorolite，asteroid
历史、考古，这类题材是分水轮流转的对象，也要加以注意。尤其是历史文章的考法不是单纯的讲古，而是从各个层面切入，有很多的表现形式。可能是古人类的迁徙，那就是人类历史。贸易和交通运输的发展，那就是经济史，等等。
例如，relics，remains，mausoleum，handicraft，cohesiveness，territorial，civilization
火山，(地)层，砾岩，喀斯特地貌(石灰岩的一种地形)，多孔的(有透气性与透水性)，可渗透的，陨石，小行星
气候、动物与生态：与生物和地球有关的话题是托福永远的宠儿。
例如：unpredictable，vary，rangefrom，extinction，endangered，tropical，jungle，equatorial
